根据以下材料，回答下面的题目。 The FamiIv
The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society.The family’S form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences.Until recently.the most common form in North America was the nuclear family，consisting of a married couple with their minor children.The nuclear family is an independent unit.It must be prepared to fend for itself.Individual family members strongly depend on one another.There is little help from outside the family in emergencies.Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so.In North America，the elderly often do not live with the family;thev live in retirement communities and nursing homes.
There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies.such as North America，and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits，who live in harsh environments.The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility.In harsh conditions，mobility allows the family to hunt for food.For North Americans，the hunt for jobs and improved social status also
requires mobility.
The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time，the mall nuclear family was usually part of a larger extenged family.This might have included
grandparents，mother and father，brothers and sisters，uncles，aunts，and cousins. In North America today，there is a dramatic rise in the number of single.parent households.Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced，separated，or never。married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families.The structure of the family，not just in North America，but throughout the world，continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.
Another good title for this passage would be A . listing statistics B . telling a story
C . pointing out similarities D . pointing out differences
● 参考解析
C题干意为“第一段主要以何种方式陈述的?”根据第一段的陈述方式，并没有列出数据或者讲故事，而是通过描述共性而阐述出核心家庭的概念。因此C“指出相似性”是正确的答案。
[单选] She can speak French and German，let alone English. A . to say nothing of B . to speak nothing of C . to talk nothing of D . to tell nothing of
● 参考解析
A 句意：她会说法语和德语，更不用说英语了。本题考察的是固定词组用法，to say nothing of，更不用说，没有B、C、D这三种说法。
[单选] The moon was obscured by thick clouds. A . held B . prevented C . darkened D . blackened
● 参考解析
句意为：厚厚的云朵遮住了月亮。prevent意为“预防、阻止”，hold意为“持有、保留”，darken意为“使模糊、变黑”，blacken意为“使变黑、诽谤”。obscure意为“遮掩，使变暗”。和B项同义，故选B项。
[单选] He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to take charge of the consequences. A . answer for B . run into C . abide by D . step into
● 参考解析
【答案】A
【解析】answer for“对……负责”。run int0“陷入，碰到”；abide by“遵守”；step into“进入，走进”。
[单选,材料题] Air transport companies use different planes__________.
根据材料，完成下面的题目。 Air Transportation
1. Airplanes are used to carry passengers, cargo and mail. Air transport companies operate scheduled airlines and non-scheduled services over local, regional, national, and international routes. The aircraft operated by these companies range from small single-engine planes to large multiengine jet transports. 2. The first air passenger services began in 1910, when dirigibles began operation between several German cities. The first scheduled airplane service to carry passengers began in the U. S in 1914. Several experimental airmail flights took place in India, Europe, and the United States before World War I, but air transport service did not become a true business until after the war.
3. During World War Two, intercontinental air transport became firmly established. After the war the new long-distance
transports with advanced facilities were increasingly able to avoid storms and strong wind and make flights more economical and consistent. A new generation of \"jumbo-jet\" transports began operations in 1970, and the supersonic transport entered passenger service in 1976.
4. During the 1970s the number of domestic passengers on U. S airlines increased about 78%, and during the 1980s the figure was up about 58%. In 1990 there were 41.8 million international passengers, the figure was a 75% increase over 1980. The total cargo flown by U. S airlines almost doubled during the 1980s, from 5.7 billion to 10.6 billion ton-miles in 1990.
5. Major airports provide a wide range of facilities for the convenience of millions of travelers. These range from such basic services as ticket-sales counters and restaurants to luxury hotels, shopping centers and play areas for children.
International airports must also have customs areas and currency exchange counters and so on. Paragraph 2__________.
A . in the development of air transportation
B . the earliest passenger flights were successfully operated C . to make travel easy and pleasant for the passengers D . to provide different services
E . the shortage of qualified pilots F . traveling by air was very cheap
● 参考解析
【答案】A
【解析】根据第一段可知，航空公司利用飞机运输旅客，货物和邮政。运营的飞机从单引擎到大型多引擎飞机。A为“在不同运输发展阶段使用不同飞机”符合逻辑和题意。因此，本题选A。
[单选] He noticed that Joan was studying him closely, but her expression gave away nothing of what she was thinking. A . revealed B . disposed C . reminded D . distributed
● 参考解析
句意为：他注意到琼正在密切地调查他，但她的表情也没有泄漏她正在思考什么。Give awav“泄漏，赠送”，四个选项：reveal“泄漏，透漏”；dispose“处理”；remind“重新记起”；distribute“分发，分配”；所以A项符合题意。
[单选] To absorb a younger work force, many companies offered retirement plans as incentives for older workers to retire and make way for the younger ones who earned lower salaries. A . rewards B . opportunities
C . motives D . stimulus
● 参考解析
句意为：为吸引更年轻的劳动力，很多公司为老员工退休提供退休计划作为鼓励，以便为工资较低的年轻员工让路。incentive“激励，鼓励”，四个选项：reward“奖赏”；opportunit,／“机会”；motive“动机，目的”；stimulus“刺激物”；所以A项符合题意。
[单选,材料题] What do we leam about Ana Castro from the last paragraph?
阅读材料，回答下面的题目。
Deport them or not
In a country that defines itself by ideals，not by shared blood，who should be allowed to come，work and live here?In the wake of the Sept．1 1 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing．
On Dec．11，2001，as part of the effort to increase homeland security，federal and local authorities in 14 states staged“Operation Safe Travel”-raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification(身份证明)．In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests．But those captured were anything but terrorists，most of them
illegal immigrants from Central or South America．Authorities
said the undocumented workers’illegal status made them open to blackmail(讹诈)by terrorists．
Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods．
Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent，“We’re saying we want you to work in these places，we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are，and then when it’s convenient for us，or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security，especially after Sept．1 1，then you’re disposable．There are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons，”Anderson said．
If Sept．1 1 had never happened．the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone oil quietly living in America．probably indefinitely．Ana Castr0，a manager at a Ben＆Jerry’s ice cream shop at the airport，had been workin9 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid．Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation(驱逐出境)．Castro’s case is currently waiting to be settled．While she awaits the outcome，the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben&Jerry’s．
According to the author，the United States claims to be a nation__________．
A . She will be deported sooner or later． B . She is allowed to stay permanently． C . Her case has been dropped． D . Her fate remains uncertain．
● 参考解析
【答案】D
【解析】由Ana Castro定位于文章最后一段。第三、四句指出她们全家面临着被驱逐出境的威胁，案件正在被期待早日得到解决；最后一句提到当她还在等待结果时，政府已经允许她在此工作。由此可见Ana Castro和家人能否留在美国还难以确定，只有等到案件解决才能知晓。
单选,材料题] According to this text__________. 阅读材料，回答下面的题目。
The Diminishing Scientific Leadership of the U, S. With the rapid globalization of science itself ( more than 40 percent of scientific Ph.D. students trained in the United States are now foreign nationals, roughly half of whom return to their countries of origin ) , the once undisputed U.S.scientific lead, whether relevant to product lead or not, is diminishing. The competition of foreign students for positions in
U.S.graduate schools has also contributed to making scientific training relatively unattractive to U.S.students, because the rapidly increasing supply of students has diminished the relative rewards of this career path. For the best and brightest from low-income countries, a position as a research assistant in the United States is attractive, whereas the best and brightest U.S.students might now see better options in other fields. Science and engineering careers, to the extent that they are opening up to foreign competition ( whether imported or available through better communication ) , also seem to be becoming relatively less attractive to U.S. students.
With respect to the role of universities in the innovation process the speculative boom of the 1990s( which, among other things, made it possible to convert scientific findings into cash rather quickly ) was largely unexpected.The boom brought universities and their faculties into much closer contact with private markets as they tried to gain as much of the economic dividends from their discoveries as possible. For a while,the path between discoveries in basic science and new flows of hard cash was considerably shortened. But during the next few decades, this path will likely revert toward its more traditional length and reestablish in a healthy way, the more traditional ( and more
independent ) relationship between the basic research done at universities and those entities that translate ideas into products and services.
In the intervening years, another new force also greatly facilitated globalization: the rapid growth of the Internet and cheap wide-bandwidth international communication. Today, complex design activities can take place in locations quite removed from manufacturing, other business functions and the consumer. Indeed, there is now ample opportunity for real-time communication between business functions that are quite independent of their specific locations. For example, software are development, with all its changes and complications, can to a considerable extent be done overseas for a U.S.customer.Foreign call centers can respond instantly to questions from thousands of miles away.The result is that low-wage workers in the Far East and in some other countries are coming into even more direct competition with a much wider spectrum of U.S. labor: unskilled in the case of call centers; more highly skilled in the case of programmers.
A . the careers unattractive to U. S. students may not be so to foreign students
B . science and engineering careers are unattractive exclusively
to U．S．students
C . U．S．students age not courageous enough to face foreign competition
D . U．S．students are not well prepared to compete with foreign students
● 参考解析
【答案】A
【解析】在文章第二段中，“For the best and brightest from low-income countries，a position as a research assistant in the United States is attractive，whereas the best and brightest U．S．students might nOW see better options in other fields”可看出，A项与其意思相符，美国和其他国家的学生兴趣不同，而并不是美国学生没有勇气和没准备好去面对竞争，可排除c，D选项，而8项过于绝对。
[单选] The monopoly-capitalist group annexed many smaller enterprises last year. A . integrated B . merged C . combined D . collected
● 参考解析
【答案】B
【解析】integrate“联合”；merge“兼并”；combine“联合”；collect“收款”。
[单选] The local authority contributed the company an interest free loan to start up the new factory.
A . granted B . allocated C . financed D . sponsored
● 参考解析
【答案】A
【解析】9rant“捐赠”；allocate“赞助”；finance“资助”；sponsor“举办”。
[单选] My father has been on the salary schedule in this factory for nearly 20 years. A . pay packet B . payoff C . payroll D . payment
● 参考解析
【答案】C
【解析】pay packet“工资袋”；payoff“还清债”；payroll“工资表”；payment“支付”。
[单选] The purpose of a custom is to cut down imports in order to protect domestic industry and workers from foreign competition. A . tax B . toll
C . fee D . tariff
● 参考解析
【答案】D
【解析】tax“税，税款”；toll“服务费”；fee“费用”；tariff“关税”。
[单选,材料题] Which of the following can be found in satiric literature?
阅读材料，回答下面的题目。
Satiric Literature
Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective.Satire rarely offers original ideas.Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form.Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies.What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected.Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false.Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism.None of these ideas is
original.Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldoua Huxley, and
people were aware of famine before Swirl.It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular.It was the manner of expression, the satiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive.They are stimulating and refreshing because with common sense briskness they brush away illusions and second-hand opinions.With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.
Satire exists because there is need for it.It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus,an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into all awareness of truth, though rarely to any active on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media issanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true.Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold die ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity.Intelligent people know
these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.
What does the passage mainly discuss? A . Newly emerging philosophies.
B . Odd combinations of objects and ideas. C . Abstract discussion of morals and ethics. D . Wholesome characters who are unselfish.
● 参考解析
【答案】B
【解析】根据文章第一段最后一句“…satire rearranges perspectives．scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition，and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude”可知，讽刺小说重新陈述观点，把类似的事物描述成不和谐的并列关系，并且用个性的语言表述，而不是用抽象的陈词滥调表述，据此可知，讽刺小说中的事物和观点都比较怪异，所以B符合题意。
[单选] This kind of material can resist heat and moisture. A . delete B . compel C . constrain D . repel
● 参考解析
【答案】D
【解析】repel“抗御，抵拒”：This coating repels moisture．这层涂料能防潮。
delete“删除”：delete the second paragraph删去第二段。compel“强迫”：compel sb．to do sth．强迫某人做某事。constrain“迫使”：He was constrained to agree．他被迫同意。这三项都不能用于本题。
[单选] The designing of a satellite in the heavenly environment is not absolutely an easy job. A . by all means B . by any means C . by every means D . by no means
● 参考解析
【答案】D
【解析】by all means“一定”，by any means“无论如何”，by every means用得较少，意为“竭尽全力”，相当于by all means，by no means“决不”。
[单选] The representation of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people. A . implementation B . manifestation C . demonstration D . expedition
● 参考解析
【答案】B
【解析】manifestation“表现(形式y：His smile was a manifestation ofjoy．他的微笑是他高兴的一种表现。implementation“执行”：demonstration“展示，示范”：a demonstration of a new car新汽车的示范表演。expedition“(为特定目的而作的)旅行，探险”：go on an expedition to the Antarctic南极探险。
[单选] The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased issue volume, a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs. A . manipulation B . reproduction C . circulation D . penetration
● 参考解析
【答案】C
【解析】circulation可表示书报的发行量，如：a newspaper with a daily circulation of 500，000．日发行量为50万份的报纸。可用于本题。manipulation“操作”；reproduction“再生产”；penetration“穿透”。此三项均不合题意。
[单选] London quickly became a flourishing port. A . successful B . major C . large D . commercial
● 参考解析
【答案】A
【解析】句意为：伦敦迅速成为一个繁荣的港口。flourishin9“繁荣的”，四个选项：successful“成功的，有成就的”；major“主要的”；large“巨大的”；commercial“商业的”。
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