一、 全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。下列情况要使用全部倒装：
1、表示方位的副词（如up,down,in ,away,round,here,there）放在句首，句子的谓语动词是表示运动的不及物动词（如go,come,run,rush,fly）,主语是名词（注：不能是代词）：
In came a girl she had not seen before.进来一个她从未见过的姑娘。
Up went the arrow into the air.
Following the roar,out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.
Round and round flew the plane.飞机反复盘旋。
Here comes the train to Beijing.
但主语如果是人称代词，则句子不用倒装，主语仍置于动词之前。
The door opened and in she came.
Away she ran.
Here it comes.
【注】在全部倒装中谓语动词通常用一般现在时或一般过去时，不能用进行时、将来时或完成时。
2、表示时间的副词now,then放在句首，句子的谓语动词是come，主语是名词（不能是代词）。
Now comes your turn.
Then came a new difficulty.
3、介词短语放在句首作状语，句子的位于动词不是及物动词（如lie,stand,sit,exist,stretch,come）或系动词be，主语是名词。
In the doorway stood a man with a gun.
After the banquet came a firework display in the garden.
On the moon, as is known to all,exists no living thing.
(To the )south of the river lies a small factory.
4、代词such放在句首，句子的谓语动词是be。
Such was laoliu,a simple man and the 21th century’s greatest scientist.
5、分词短语短语放在句首，谓语动词是be,主语是名词。
Lying on the floor was a boy aged 17.
Seated on the ground are a group of young people.
【注】全部倒装可用于定语从句中。
He suddenly found himself standing at the foot of a hill,on top of which stood an old temple
他突然发现自己站在一座山的山脚下，山顶上有个古庙寺。
二、 部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
下列情况下，句子使用部分倒装：
1、“only+副词、介词短语或从句”放在句首：
Only then did we realize that the man was blind.
【注】only后面的状语从句不可用倒装；only 修饰主语时，句子不用倒装。
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
Only he can answer the question. 2、含有否定意义的副词（如never,seldom,little,nowhere,hardly等）放在句首：
Never in history has technology made such rapid progress.
Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.
Little does he realize how important the meeting is.
Nowhere will you find better roses than these.
Hardly does it snow here in winter.
3、“not a +n.”“not a single+n”,“not once”或“not until...”等短语放在句首：
Not a word did he say at the last meeting.
Not a single mistake did he make.
Not once has he failed to keep his promise.她没有一次不遵守自己的诺言。
Not until I read your letter did I understand the true state of affairs.
4、表示否定意义的介词短语（如at no time,on no account,under no circumstances,by no means,in no way等）放在句首：
At no time should you step in to the room.你绝不能踏进这个房间一步。
On no account must this switch be touched.这个开关绝不能碰。
Under no circumstances could I agree to such a principle.在任何情况下，我都不同意这一原则。
5、在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...，引导的两个分句时，如果把hardly，no sooner，not only放在句首，前一个分句中的主谓要用部分倒装，后一分局则不用倒装。
Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him.
No sooner had I left my house than it begun to rain.
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs,but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不仅要给找工作的人提供帮助，也会给需要医疗的人提供治疗。
【但】neither/not...nor引导两个分句时，这两个分句的主谓均要倒装：
Neither do I know her address,nor does he.我不知道她的地址，他也不知道。
Not could the patient eat,nor could he drink.那个病人既不能吃也不能喝。
6、在“so+助动词+主语”和“neither/not+助动词+主语”中：
I was late and so was she.
They love having lots of friends,so do those with disabilities.他们喜欢广交朋友，残疾人也一样。
She won’t go, neither/Nor will I.
I don’t know,nor do I care.
7、在“so+adj./ adv+that...”句式中，如将“so+adj./ adv”放在句首时：
So moved was she that she could not say a word.
So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.
8、当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有助动词had,were或should时，如将if省略，则要将had,were或should等移到主语前：
Had you come yesterday,you would have seen him.
Were I Sanmao, I would refuse.
Should it rain tomorrow,we would put off the sports meet.
三、 几种特殊形式的倒装
1、在as或though引导的让步状语从句中，常把形容词、名词、副词或动词原形放在句首，这是一种形式的倒装：
Strange as it may seem,he has arrived early.尽管看上去很奇怪，他却到得很早。
Child as he is,he knows a lot.
Try as he may（他虽然努力）,he will not pass the exam.
2、在whatever,however引导的让步状语从句中，常把形容词、名词、或副词与whatever,however一起放在句首，这也是一种形式的倒装：
Whatever nonsense the newspapers print,some people always believe it.
无论报纸登载的东西多么荒唐，有些人就是相信。
However difficult the problem may be,we must work it out this evening.
3、在the more...the more...句式中，常把the more放在句首：
The more you listen to English,the easier it becomes.
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
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