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虚拟语气讲解及练习题(含答案和解释)

2024-02-11 来源:步旅网
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习

虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表: 条件状语从句 主 句 与过去事实相should /would/could/might + have had + 过去分词 反 + 过去分词 与现在事实相一般过去时(be用would/should/could/might + 动词反 原形 were) 一般过去时或与将来事实相would/should/could/might + 动词should(were to) + 动反 原形 词原形 例句: (1)表示与现在事实相反

If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.

(2)表示与过去事实相反

If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.

(3)表示与将来事实相反

I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow. 1. 虚拟条件句的倒装

在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如:

Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.

Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?

2. 错综时间条件句

有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如:

If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,things wouldn’t be going so smoothly. 3. 含蓄条件句

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如:

But for the help from you , I would not have had the chance to go to college. 二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用

在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同,虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。

(一)should类

这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的,should可以省略。其具体运用体现在:

1. 在suggest , order, demand , propose, command, request, desire,insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如:He suggests that she should leave the house at once.

The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible. He proposed that we (should)deal with the problem by the view of development.

2. 与suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion,order,demand,proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如:The general sent the order that the battle(should)be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.

My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline for handing in the plan. 3. 在It is/was suggested (ordered,demanded,proposed,etc.)结构以及necessary,essential,important,strange,natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如:

It’s requested that we (should)keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.

It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should) be treated immediately. (二)过去时态类

英语中,还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子,也要使用虚拟语气,虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态(如:一般过去时、过去完成时等)来体现的。

1. wish,would rather 后的宾语从句。如:

He wished he had never been involved in such affairs. I would rather you could teach me again. 2. as if,as though引导的从句。如:

The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man. He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.

3. 由if only (要是……,那该多好啊!)引导的惊叹句。如: If only I had passed the test! If only it stopped raining!

4. It is(about/high) time 后的定语从句。如: It is time we went out for a walk.

It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment. 三、虚拟语气的其它用法

在英语中,一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子,也需要使用虚拟语气。如: Would you mind smoking here? May you be lucky!

Long live the people of China! God save me.

虚拟语气练习题

1.Their requirement that he one year's experience is reasonable. A.had C.have 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:他们要求他有一年的工作经验是有理由的。Requirement后边用that引导同位语从句,从句中谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略,故选C。

B.has D.would have

2.The doctor recommended he ____ a few more days in hospital. A.stays 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查动词recommend 建议,后跟从句用虚拟语气(should )do 结构,句意:医生建议他应该在医院住更多的日子。所以选C。

B.to stay

C.stay

D.would stay

3.They desired that they __________ the right to attend the meeting. A.had 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

试题分析:句意:他们要求他们有权力去参加会议。这里have the right to do有权力做某事。因为主句的谓语动词是desire它的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气,从句的谓语应该用should+动词原形。should可以省略。故选B。 考点:考查虚拟语气的语法。

点评:本题难度适中。虚拟语气是近几年高考的热点,虚拟语气的情况复杂,形式多样,需要考生牢记它们的不同的用法,再根据不同的语境分析句子应该用哪种情况的虚拟。用should表示的情况特别多,需要考生牢记它们的语法。

即学即练:The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I __________ to it. A. have not gone B. did not go C. can not have gone D. had not gone

解析:D。句意:由上半句背景句可以看出这是与过去事实相反,因此wish后的从句用过去完成时。

B.have

C.are

D.were

4.Jane’s pale face suggested that she ______ ill and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical exam.

A.be; should have C.should be; had 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

B.was; have D.was; had

试题分析:考查suggest的用法:句意:Jane的苍白的脸表明她病了,她的父母建议她去体检。第一个suggest是“表明,显示”的意思,后面的be动词视整句时态而定,为过去式。第二个suggest是“建议”的意思,后面是一个虚拟语气,固定用法为“(should)do sth”,其中should常省略。选B。 考点:考查suggest的用法

5. for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A.If it is not C.Had it not been 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:如果没有那些免费的票,我不会去影院这么频繁。If虚拟条件句的否定(含蓄条件句)常考两个句型:If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…,其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是”。从句中如果有助动词had, should或were时,可以省略if,而从句使用倒装语序。故选C。

B.Were it not D.If it were to be

6.They suggested that the professor ______ just now ______ chairman of the meeting. A.referring to; was made C.referred to; be made 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

试题分析:第一个空是在考查非谓语动词作后置定语修饰the professor,refer to(关系到,涉及到,谈及)与refer to 之间的关系为被动,所以应为referred to. 第二个空是考查重点动词suggest的用法,其后的宾语从句应为虚拟的用法,即should +vt,其中should可省略,所以应为be made,故答案应为C。 考点:考查非谓语动词及重点动词的用法。

B.referring to; be made D.referred to; was made

7.________ you happen to see Mary, would you please ask her to come here? A.Would 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

B.Could

C.Should

D.Might

试题分析:句意: 如果你碰巧遇到Kate ,请你叫她来这里一下好吗?在if条件句中,如果有should,were或had,可以省略if,把should,were或had提前。故选C。 考点:考查情态动词表虚拟。

8.In this company, it is required that anyone who ______ recently come here _____ this kind of test. A.has; has C.have; have 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

试题分析:考察主谓一致和虚拟语气。本题第一空是定语从句,who指代先行词在句中作主语,因为先行词是anyone所以句中使用单数has的形式。因为前面的动词是require后面的宾语从句指使用should+动词原形的虚拟语气。should可以省略。句意:在这个公司里,要求最近来的人要进行这样的一个测试。故B正确。 考点:考察主谓一致和虚拟语气

点评:英语中有4——四个表示“要求”的词,require, ask ,tell, demand;3——三个表示“建议”的词,suggest, recommend, advice;2——两个表示“命令”的词,order,command ; 1——一个表示“坚持”的词,insist。他们后面接 should+动词原形 的虚拟语气。Should可以省略。另外定语从句中的单复数取决于先行词的单复数形式。

B.has; have D.have; has

9.What would have happened ________,as far as up to the river bank. A.Bob had walked farther B.if Bob should walk farther C.had Bob walked farther D.if Bob walked farther 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。根据语境为过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故用had Bob walked farther,等于if Bob had walked farther,选C。

10.—It's a pity that Andrew didn't want to go to the conference. —________ willing to go,we could have paid all his expenses. A.Had he been C.Was he 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

B.Being D.He had been

A

解析 考查虚拟语气与倒装。根据第一句中的时态可知此处是对过去情况的虚拟,意思是“如果他愿意去,我们会支付他所有的费用”。此处是省略了虚拟条件句中的if而引起的倒装,其正常语序应为“If he had been willing to go”。

11.Wouldn’t you rather your child____ successful with his study and on the scholarship? A.become C.would become 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

试题分析:句意:难道你不想让你的孩子在学业上成功,获得奖学金吗?would rather后面的从句用虚拟语气,和现在相反的情况用一般过去式,所以选B。 考点:考查虚拟语气

B.became D.becomes

12.If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _________ now. A.wouldn’t be smiling B.couldn’t have smiled

【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

试题分析:考察错综条件句。本题的条件句中是与过去的事实相反,故使用过去完成时,主句是与现在的事实相反,故使用“情态动词+动词原形”;句意:如果在你摔倒的时候,我不在梯子后面扶着你,你现在就不会这样笑了。故A正确。 考点:考察虚拟语气

点评:条件句的虚拟语气是考查的重点。如果过去事实相反,条件句中使用过去完成时,主句使用“情态动词+have done”;如果主句与现在事实相反,条件句中使用过去时,be动词使用were,主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”;如果与将来事实相反,条件句中有三种:过去时;were to do ;should+动词原形,主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”;要特别注意如果省略了if,句子要使用部分倒装的形式,把助动词,be动词,情态动词提之主语前。另外还要注意条件句和主句不同的时间所形成的挫折条件句。

D.didn’t smile

C.won’t smile

13.He was very busy yesterday;otherwise,he ______ to the meeting. A.would come 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

这题考查虚拟语气的用法,这里的otherwise是隐含的虚拟条件句,相当于:If he hadn’t been busy yesterday,所以主句用would have done。选C。

B.came

C.would have come D.will come

14.We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold __________us a ride home. A.didn’t offer C.hasn’t offered 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气的条件句。would have done 表明是对过去的虚拟,所以条件句需要用had done。

句意:昨天如果哈罗德不主动开车送我们回家的话,我们就要打的了。

B.wouldn’t offer D.hadn’t offered

15.—Don’t forget to bring your camera with you, Jack. —Oh, thank you. I wouldn’t bring it if you ________ me. A.wouldn’t remind C.shouldn’t have reminded 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

考查错综条件的虚拟语气。句意:——不要忘记带上你的相机,杰克。——啊,谢谢。如果你不提醒我,我不会带的。本题主句涉及的时间是将来,从句涉及的时间是过去,条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时,谓语动词的形式要根据各自所表示的时间来调整,这种现象叫做错综时间虚拟语气。本题从句表示与过去事实相反,过去事实上是“提醒”了,故用过去完成时。

B.haven’t reminded D.hadn’t reminded

16.When it comes to death, Vincent Van Gogh ________ by others in that his wound didn’t indicate suicide, while Albert Einstein ________ longer but he refused surgery, A.may have been killed; should have lived B.should have been killed; should have lived C.may have been killed; must have lived D.should have been killed: must have lived 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意:谈到死亡,文森特·梵高可能被其他人杀害,因为他的伤口并不意味着自杀,而阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦本应该活得更长,但他拒绝接受手术。A. may have been killed; should have lived可能被其他人杀害,本应该活得更长;B. should have been killed; should have lived本应该被其他人杀害,本应该活得更长;C. may have been killed; must have lived可能被其他人杀害,一定活了很长;D. should have been killed: must have lived本应该被其他人杀害,一定活了很长。结合句意,may have done 表示对发生过的事

情的推测,should have done 本应该做某事,实际未做,符合句意。故选A项。

17.—Why didn’t you call me then?

—Oh, my cell-phone was power off. I ________ you otherwise. A.would call C.have called 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:---为什么当时你不给我打电话?--哦,我的手机没电了。否则的话我会给你打的。此处相当于if条件状语从句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,主句用would /should /could/might +have+过去分词,指如果我手机当时有电的话我会给你打的。故选D. 【名师点睛】

含蓄虚拟条件句就是将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句,比如将条件隐含在不定式短语中,分词短语中,介词短语中,名词短语中,或某些连词(如or, or else, otherwise等)中,将条件隐含在定语从句中,将条件隐含在一定的上下文中,等等。如: To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些,你早就考及格了。(=if you have studied harder, you…)

Failing this time, what would you do?假若这次失败,那你怎么办?(=If you failed this time, what…)

Without air, no one could live. 没有空气,人就不能活。(=If there were no air, no one could live.)

A true friend would not have betrayed me. 若是真正的朋友,就不会背弃我。(=If he had been a true friend, he would…)

I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子,不然我也不会相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat)

Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. 凡是看过那画的人,都可能把它看成是照片。(=If anyone had seen that painting…)

Don’t bother to read all these papers. It would take too long. 不要费事看所有这些文件了,那会花太多时间。(=…If you read all these papers, It would take too long)

I’m really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了,不然我就会同你一道去了。(otherwise=if I were not so busy)

B.had called D.would have called

18.Without your help, I ________ the first prize in the English Speaking Contest. A.won’t get C.wouldn’t get 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

B.didn’t get D.wouldn’t have got

考查虚拟语气。句意:没有你的帮助,在英语演讲比赛中我就不会得第一名。此处与过去的事实相反,Without your help相当于if引导的非真实条件句,故答案为D。 【名师点睛】 without引导的虚拟语气 1.与现在事实相反:

Without air,man couldn't exist on the earth.没有空气的话,人类将不能在地球上生存。谓语动词:would/could/might (not) do sth. 2.与过去事实相反:

Without your help,I would have failed the exam last week.没有你帮助的话,我上周考试可能就通不过了。谓语动词:would/could/might (not) have done sth. 3.与将来事实相反:

Without your ticket,I wouldn't be able to go to the concert tomorrow.要是没有你的票的话,我明天就不能去听音乐会了。谓语动词:would/could/might (not) do sth.

19.I wish I ______ photography then. If so, I could give you a hand at present. A.studied C.have studied 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:我当时要是学摄影就好了。如果是的话,我现在可以帮你一下。此处考查动词wish后跟宾语从句,用虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时。故选B. 【点睛】

虚拟语气用在wish后的宾语从句中,(常常省去连词that),表示不可能实现的愿望。 1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望

构成:主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + 动词过去式 (be 一律用were) 例如:I wish I knew everything in the world. 2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望

构成:主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + had + 过去分词,本题就属于这一类。 例如:I wish that you had called yesterday. 3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望

构成:主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词 例如:I wish that he could try again.

B.had studied D.will study

20. it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. A.Should C.Could 【答案】A

B.Would D.Must

【解析】 【详解】

本题考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,故从句用should + v原形。句意:如果明天下雨,会议将会被推迟。此处是if引导的非真实条件句,如果把if省略,则将情态动词should提到主语的前面。故选A。 【点睛】 if 的虚拟语气讲解

1.对现在情况的假设:表示说话时不存在或与事实相反的情况.形式:If+主语+did,主语+should/ would /could +do.例句:If you knew english well,you would be able to talk with foreigners freely.

2.对过去情况的假设:表示与过去事实相反的情况.形式:if+主语+had done,主语

+should/would /could+have done.例句:if i had not studied hard ,i might have failed in the exam.(事实是我通过考试了)

3.对将来情况的假设:表示将来实现可能性不大的情况.形式:if+主语+did/were to do /should do,主语+should /would /could do.例句:if he should change his mind ,what would we do? if的省略:在正式文体中,有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去,这时从句需要采用倒装语序,即:将were,had,should等助动词提到主语前面,主句不做任何变化.例句:should it rain tomorrow,we would staly at home.

错综时间:所谓错综时间是指主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间.这时,需要根据意思选用表示不同时间的虚拟语气形式.例句:if i were you ,i would have taken his advice.(从句表示现在时间,主句表示过去时间),我要是你,就听他的忠告了。

21.If she ________ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe. A.had been C.would be 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。从句首的if(如果)与主句的would have done(早就做…)可判断本题考查虚拟语气,并且根据主句时态可以判断是与现在事实相反的假设,所以if从句用一般过去式,be动词要用were。虚拟语气中,be动词的一般过去时只能用were不能用was,故选B。 【点睛】

If条件句引导的虚拟语气,一般有三种形式。与现在事实相反:If +主语+did(be用were),主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。与过去事实相反:If +主语+had done,主语+would/should/might/could + have done。与将来事实相反:If +主语+were to do/should do,主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。虚拟语气做题方法是在正常时态上往前推一个时态,用往前推了时态表达虚拟的不真实性。只要学生记住我们上边列出的这三种形式,

B.were D.was

做题是轻而易举的。

22.It was President Xi Jinping_______visited the navy troops on April 19 and urged that naval force_______. A.who; strengthen C.who; be strengthened 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查强调句和虚拟语气。句意:是*主席在4月19号参观了海军,要求加强海军力量。本句是强调句,基本结构是:It is/was+强调部分+who/that+其余部分。urge后加宾语从句,从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用(should)+动词原形,此处省略了should,故选C。 【名师点睛】

在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该应不应该怎么样,这些词语后面的that从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气,但事实上should常被省略,故此句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有: 1. wish后的宾语从句

2. 表示“坚持”insist后的宾语从句

3. 表示“命令”order、command后的宾语从句

4. 表示“建议”advise、suggest、propose、recommend后的宾语从句 5. 表示“要求”ask、demand、require、request后的宾语从句 6. 表示“投票”vote后的宾语从句 7. 表示“安排”arrange后的宾语从句

8. 表示“希望”“打算”desire,intend后的宾语从句 9. 表示“指示”direct后的宾语从句

B.whom; strengthen D.who; to strengthen

23.He insisted that I ______ back what I said, but I insisted that my remarks ______ right. A.took; were B.take; should be C.should take; be D.take; were 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

考查动词用法。句意:他坚持要求我收回说过的话,但是我坚持认为我的话是对的。动词insist表示“坚持认为”的时候,后面宾语从句用陈述语气;当insist表示“坚持要求做某事”的时候,后面的宾语从句使用“(should)+动词原形”的虚拟语气。分析句子, 结合句意可判

断第一句中的insist在这里的含义为“坚持要求”, 所以后面用虚拟语气。第二空前的insist表示“坚持认为”,后面接陈述语气。所以选D项。

24.If we could live our life once again, I suppose many people ________ a different one. A.will choose C.would choose 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

本题考查虚拟语气。解题步骤:1.确定虚拟语气:If条件句谓语动词用了could do,说明此处是虚拟语气;2.确定谓语动词:If条件句用could do,表示和现在事实相反的虚拟语气,主句用would/could/should do。句意:如果我们能再活一次,我想很多人会选择一个不同的人生。故选C。

B.will have chosen D.would have chosen

25.Bob ______ his fortune; otherwise, he ______ from stress to pay back the loan. A.must have made; wouldn’t have suffered B.couldn’t have made; would have suffered C.must have made; would have suffered D.couldn’t have made; wouldn’t suffer 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意:鲍勃一定发了财,否则,他会承受偿还贷款的压力。otherwise前是对过去事情的推测,must + have + done表示对已发生事情的肯定推测,意为一定做过某事,一定已经做过某事,想必已经做过某事,该结构只用于肯定的陈述句中。otherwise 意为否则,要不然,根据其后的句意,是不真实的,句子要用虚拟语气,且是与过去的事实相反的虚拟语气,要用should/would/might/could+ have done,故选C。 【点睛】

1、must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。

2、must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。如,You have worked hard all day .You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。

He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。

3、must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。如,I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。

4、must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接完成进行式。如,——Why didn’t you answer my phone call?

——Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn’t hear it.

26.—Your little brother is watering the flowers! Why?

—Well, I’m not feeling very well today—otherwise I ______ it myself. A.did 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:——你的小弟弟正在浇花!为什么?——嗯,我今天感觉不太好,否则我就自己做了。此处otherwise“否则,要不然的话”,与现在的事实相反,谓语动词应该用would+动词原形,且强调动作的进行,用过去将来进行时态,故选B。 【点睛】

If引导的虚拟语气: 1.表示与现在事实相反的情况

从句:If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句:主语+

should/would/might/could+do:If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你) 2.表示与过去事实相反的情况

从句:If+主语+had+done主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have done:If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)

3.表示与将来事实相反

从句:①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+动词一般过去式(be动词用were)主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)

B.would be doing

C.had done

D.would have done

27._____ the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A.If it is not 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:如果不是因为免费的电影票,我就不会看电影看得那么勤。根据 I would not have gone to the films so often.可知,这里在对过去进行虚拟,要用非真实条件句的虚拟语气,此时条件从句中谓语动词用had done。而当非真实条件句中有had时,可以省略if,把had提至主语前形成部分倒装结构。故选C项。 【点睛】

非真实条件句的虚拟语气是虚拟语气的考查中很重要的一部分。非真实条件句表示条件从句假设的动作客观上未发生,只是主观虚拟在这个动作发生的情况下主句动作的反馈。非真实条件句的虚拟语气可分为对现在的虚拟、对过去的虚拟和对将来的虚拟,每一种情况下条件从句的谓语动词和主句的谓语动词形式都是有相应要求的。而当非真实条件句中有should、had或were时,可以省略if,而把should、had、或were提至主语前,从句形成

B.Were it not for

C.Had it not been for D.If it had not been

部分倒装结构。本题正好符合这种情况,首先根据分析出的非真实条件从句可以写出一般形式“If it had not been for the free ticket”,再省略if、提前had作部分倒装,即可得出正确答案。

28.If it ________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. A.had not been C.were not 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是那天他的邀请,我现在就不会在这里了。A. had not been(过去完成时) B. should not be(情态动词)C. were not(一般过去时态) D. should not have been(should not have done不应该做,但是做了)。主句“I should not be here now.”表达的是与现在事实相反的情况;而根据if从句中表示过去的时间状语 “the other day前些日子”可知,此处表达的应该是与过去事实相反的情况,所以要使用过去完成时。故选A项。

B.should not be D.should not have been

29.The man insisted that he ________ the money and that he ________ set free right away. A.hadn’t stolen; was B.hadn’t stolen; be 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

考查时态和虚拟语气。句意:这名男子坚称他没有偷钱,并坚持要求他立即被释放。insist后接宾语从句的用法:insist表示“坚持说,坚持认为”时,根据一般宾语从句的规则,insist用一般过去时,从句中动词用与过去相关的时态;insist表示“坚持要求”时,用虚拟语气,从句中的动词用“should + do ”,should可以省略。本题第一空是他 “坚持说”,并且主句动词insist是一般过去时,从句谓语动词steal发生在主句谓语动词insist之前,从句谓语用过去完成时(had done),第二空表示“坚持要求”,所以从句中的动词用“(should) + do”,he和set free是被动关系,是被动语态(be done)。故选B项。

C.not steal; be

D.shouldn’t steal; was

30.________ the danger of traveling on the lonely island, they would not be trapped now. A.Have they been informed of C.Should they be informed of 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

试题分析:考查虚拟语气和倒装省略。句意:如果他们被告知了在孤岛上旅行的危险的话他们现在就不会被困了。此题考查的是混合虚拟语气,且考查了虚拟语气与倒装省略的结合。If条件句中表示的是与过去事实相反应该是“If they had been informed of the danger of traveling on the lonely island”,主句是与现在事实相反,可以通过时间状语“now”判断出。

B.Were they informed of D.Had they been informed of

依照if遇到的虚拟语气与倒装省略的结合用法可以用成“Had they been informed of the danger of traveling on the lonely island”,故D项正确。 考点:考查虚拟语气和倒装省略

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