Unit 2 Exploring English
Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas 导学案
1. 通过阅读文章，了解英语的独特和巧妙之处，通过掌握文章中的例子，进一步体会英语词汇的灵活性、多样性和丰富性。
2. 积累opposing, creativity, shameful, reflect, have trouble (in) doing, confusing, unique, alarm, burn down, burn up等单词和词组的用法。
3. 体会宾语从句、until引导的时间状语从句、neither……nor……等句型的用法。
【教学重点】
1. 认识英语学习的重要性和多样性；
2. 引导学生通过丰富的材料，了解英语的发展历史与演变的过程。 【教学重点】
1. 引导学生学会观察图表，突出新课标“看”的要求，思考和分析问题； 2. 引导学生掌握描述现象的句型。
I.写出下列词汇的英语释义。
（1）第一组形容词12个（adj.）：
1. seasick ___________
2. airsick___________
3. carsick ___________ 6. harmless__________
4. homesick ___________ 5. opposing __________ 7. shameless_________ 8. shameful __________ 10. capitalized_________ 11. unique_________ （2）第二组动词2个（v.）：
1. reflect ___________
2. wind____________
9. confusing_________
12. visible________
（3）第三组名词8个（n.）：
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1. pine_________ 2. pineapple __________ 3. ham___________ 5. sculpt ___________ 8. creativity__________
6. behaviour__________
4. eggplant___________ 7. alarm__________ 参考答案：
（1）第一组形容词12个： 1. seasick晕船的
2. airsick晕机的 5. opposing 反对的
3. carsick 晕车的
6. harmless无害的，不致伤的
4. homesick想家的 7. shameless无耻的 10. capitalized 大写的 （2）第二组动词2个： 1. reflect 显示，反映 （3）第三组名词8个： 1. pine 松树 4. eggplant 茄子
8. shameful可耻的，丢脸的 9. confusing 难以理解的，不清楚的
11. unique 唯一的，独一无二的 12. visible 看得见的，可见的
2. wind 摇动把手，上发条
2. pineapple 菠萝 5. sculpt 雕刻
3. ham火腿 6. behaviour 行为
7. alarm 闹钟 8. creativity 创造力
II.词汇拓展积累
1. behaviour n. 行为，举止 → v. 表现
2. shameless adj. 无耻的 → adj. 可耻的，丢脸的 → n. 羞耻，羞愧
3. confusing adj. 难以理解的，不清楚的→ adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的→ v. 使糊涂，使迷惑 4. visible adj. 看得见的，可见的→ adj. 看不见的 → n. 视力，视野 5. creativity n. 创造力 → n. 创造，创建 → n. 创造者，创作者
6. harmless adj. 无害的，不致伤的；→ adj. 有害的→ n. 伤害，损害 【答案】
1. behaviour n. 行为，举止 → behave v. 表现
2. shameless adj. 无耻的 → shameful adj. 可耻的，丢脸的 → shame n. 羞耻，羞愧
3. confusing adj. 难以理解的，不清楚的→ confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的→confuse v. 使糊涂，使迷惑 4. visible adj. 看得见的，可见的→ invisible adj. 看不见的 → vision n. 视力，视野 5. creativity n. 创造力 →creation n. 创造，创建 → creator n. 创造者，创作者 6. harmless adj. 无害的，不致伤的；→ harmful adj. 有害的→ harm n. 伤害，损害
III.重点短语英译汉
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1. be opposite to 2. be ashamed of 3. be ashamed to do 4. social behaviour 5. behave oneself 6. be confused about 7. be unique to 8. burn down 9. reflect on
10. wind up
12. a false alarm
11. in alarm 【答案】
1. be opposite to 与……相反 2. be ashamed of因做……感到羞愧，难为情 3. be ashamed to do 不好意思做某事 4. social behaviour 社会行为 5. behave oneself 举止规矩有礼
6. be confused about 对……感到困惑 7. be unique to（某人或某地）独具的，特有的 8. burn down（建筑物）（被）烧毁 9. reflect on 思考，考虑，回想 11. in alarm惊恐地
10. wind up 上发条；摇动（把手等） 12. a false alarm 虚惊一场
I. 翻译下列句子
1. Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger.
翻译： 2. For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo. And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus.
翻译： 3. While we are traveling all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t homesick when we get back home. And speaking of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing?
翻译： 4. If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”, why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair? If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same?
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翻译： 5. When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it’s raining “or “it’s snowing”. But when we see sunshine, we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.
翻译： 6. When you see the capitalized “WHO “in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that?” What about “IT” and “US”?
翻译： 7. You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill a form by filling it out, an in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!
翻译： 【答案】
1. Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English?
翻译：你有没有问过自己，为什么人们在学习英语时经常遇到困难？直到有一天，我五岁的儿子问我汉堡包（hamburger）里有没有火腿（ham）。
2. For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo. And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus.
翻译：例如，在我们闲暇时，我们可以雕一座雕像（sculpt a sculpture）、画一幅画（paint a painting），但我们只能拍一张拍照（take a photo）。当我们旅行时，我们坐汽车或出租车时是说在里面（in），但坐火车或公共汽车车时却要说在上面（on）。
3. While we are traveling all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t homesick when we get back home. And speaking of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing?
翻译：当我们旅行的时候，我们会在海上晕船（seasick at sea）,在飞机里晕机（airsick in the air）、在车里晕车（carsick in a car）,但当我们回到家里时我们却不能说“晕家”（homesick）. 说到家，为什么家庭作业和家务不一样呢？
4. If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”, why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair? If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same?
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翻译：如果“硬”是“软”的对立面，为什么“hardly（几乎不）”和“softly（柔软地）”却不是反义词？如果无害行为（harmless actions）与有害行为（harmful actions）相反，为什么无耻行为（shameless behaviors）和可耻行为（shameful behaviors）是一回事？
5. When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it’s raining “or “it’s snowing”. But when we see sunshine, we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.
翻译：当我们望向窗外，看到雨(rain)和雪（snow）时，我们可以说“下雨了”或“下雪了”。但是当我们看到阳光(sunshine)时，我们不能说“它在下阳光”。
6. When you see the capitalized “WHO “in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that?” What about “IT” and “US”?
翻译：即使是最小的单词也会令人困惑。当你在医学报告中看到大写的WHO时，你会把它读作“Who’s that”中的“who”吗？那么“IT”和“US”又该怎么读呢？
7. You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!
翻译：你还可能对英语这门语言里特有的“疯狂”感到惊讶，在这种语言中，“房子被烧成灰烬时，可以说burn up（字面意思是“烧上去”），也可以说“burn down（字面意思是“烧下去”）”；填表的时候，你可以fill in a form（字面意思是“填入表里”），也可以 fill out a form（字面意思为“填到表外”）；而且只有闹钟走了（go off的字面意思是“离开”）之后你才能听到铃声！
1. confusing adj. 令人困惑的 【归纳拓展】
（1）同根词：confused adj. 感到困惑度
be confused about sth 对……迷惑不解 （2）in confusion 困惑地，困窘地 【例句感悟】
（1）People are confused about all the different labels on food these days. 人们如今被那些五花八门的食物标签搞得稀里糊涂。
（2）There is some confusion about what the correct procedure should be. 对于应该采取什么正确步骤，还是有些不明确。
（3） He looked at me in confusion and did not answer the question.他困窘地看着我，没有回答问题。 【既学即练】用confuse的适当形式填空
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They _______me by asking so many _____problems. I was totally _____, sitting here in ____, not knowing what to do.
【答案】：confused, confusing, confused, confusion
2. reflect v. 反映;映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等) ；显示，表明，表达 【归纳拓展】
（1）on/upon reflection 经过再三思考 （2）reflect on/upon 认真思考……
（3）reflective adj. 反射的，反映的；沉思的，深思的 【例句感悟】
（1）She could see herself reflected in his eyes. 她在他的眼中看到了自己的样子。
（2）When the sun’s rays hit the earth, a lot of the heat is reflected back into space.太阳光线照射到地球时，大量的热被反射回太空。
（3）Before I decide, I need time to reflect. 在作出决定以前，我需要时间认真考虑考虑。 （4）It is important to reflect on the reasons for this. 反思这种现象产生的原因很重要。 【既学即练】用reflect的适当形式填空
（1）Her face_____（reflect）in the big mirror when he passed by. （2）Your clothes are often a ______（reflect）of your personality. （3）On dark nights children should wear _____（reflect）clothing. 【答案】：（1）was reflected （2）reflection （3）reflective 3. have trouble（in）doing sth 做某事有困难 【归纳拓展】
（1）have trouble（in）doing sth = have difficulty（in）doing sth = have problems（in）doing sth 做某事有困难
（2）have trouble/difficulty/problem with sth 在某方面有困难或麻烦 【例句感悟】
（1）I have a high level of English, but I still have trouble with my pronunciation. 我的英语水平很高，可是我的发音仍有问题。
（2）When you have trouble, you can talk with your teacher face to face. 当你遇到困难时，你可以与老师面对面的交谈。 【既学即练】
（1）He never has trouble in ____（sleep）in a strange place.
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（2）Whenever we have trouble _____our studies, our teachers always help us patiently. 【答案】：（1）sleeping （2）with 4. burn
烧毁（多指建筑物被烧毁） 【归纳拓展】
（1）burn down烧毁（多指建筑物被烧毁） （2）burn out 烧坏，燃尽；耗尽体力 （3）burn sth to the ground 将……烧成平地 【例句感悟】
（1）A number of houses were burnt down in the fire. 许多房屋在火灾中被烧毁。
（2）Fire officials let the fire burn itself out. 消防官员让火自行熄灭。大气层，烧成灰烬。
1. The machine is _____（无害的）to human beings. 2. Her ____（行为）at the meeting was out of character.
3. As soon as seeing this wonderful _____（雕像），everyone present let out of a cry of surprise. 4. Your facial expression can ____（反应）your real feelings.
5. The students began to feel _____（想家的）after they had been away from home. 【答案】：1. harmless 2. behavior 3. sculpture 4. reflect 5. Homesick
Learn some new words and expressions:
1. opposing
adj. [ə’pəʊzɪŋ] 对立的，相竞争的，对抗的；相反的，极不相同的 2
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英汉释义 ▪(of teams, armies, forces, etc.) playing, fighting, working, etc. against each other（队
组、军队、力量等) 对立的；相竞争的；对抗的
▪(of attitudes, views etc.) very different from each other （态度、观点等) 相反的，极不
相同的
【词组】a player from the opposing side 对方的运动员
be opposite to 与……相反
the opposite of…… ……对立面
in opposition to sb/sth强烈反对（或抵制）某人 / 某事物
【同根词】opposition n. [ˌɒpə’zɪʃn] （强烈的）反对，反抗，对抗；对手，敌手 opposite adj. [’ɒpəzɪt] 对面的，另一边的；对面的 n. 对立的人（或物）
【例句感悟】
1. What is the opposite of heavy? 重的反义词是什么？
2. I sat opposite（此处为介词）him during the meal. 席间我坐在他的对面。 3. He’s gone to work for the opposition. 他去为竞争对手工作了。 4. Water is the opposing force to fire. 水火不相容。
2. shameful
adj. [’ʃeɪmfl] 可耻的，丢脸的
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shameful 同根词 shame shameless
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英汉释义 ▪that should make you feel ashamed 可耻的，丢脸的
【词组】shameful behaviour可耻的行为
It/What a shame…… ……真遗憾/多可惜 be ashamed of doing 因做某事感到羞愧/难为情
【同根词】shame n. [ʃeɪm] 羞耻，羞愧，惭愧；令人惋惜的事，让人遗憾的事 shameless adj. [’ʃeɪmləs] 无耻的，没廉耻的，不要脸的 ashamed adj. [ə’ʃeɪmd] 惭愧的，羞愧的，尴尬的
【区别】
shameful表示事情或行为本身可耻、不道德。 shameless表示人无耻的或厚脸皮的。 ashamed表示人感到羞愧、不好意思。 【例句感悟】
1. Only those who have no sense of shame can do such shameful things. 只有不要脸的人才能做出这样不要脸的事。
2. To tell you the truth, you are the most shameless person I have ever seen. 恕我直言，你是我见过的最不知羞耻的人。
3. She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party. 她对自己在聚会上的行为深感羞愧。
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3. behavior/ behaviour n. 英汉释义 [bɪ’heɪvjə(r)] 行为，性能
▪the way that sb behaves, especially towards other people 行为，举止，态度
▪the way a person, an animal, a plant, a chemical, etc. behaves or functions in a
particular situation（人、动植物、化学品等的）表现方式，活动方式
【词组】good/bad behaviour 良好 / 恶劣行为 behave yourself 举止得体
behave……towards sb. 对某人表现得……
【同根词】behave v. [bɪ’heɪv] 表现；表现得体，有礼貌
【例句感悟】
1. She doesn’t know how to behave in public. 她在公共场合举止无措。 2. They behaved very badly towards their guests. 他们对客人们很不礼貌。
3. His furtive behaviour aroused our suspicion. 他鬼鬼祟祟的行为引起了我们的怀疑。 4. Such behaviour is common to all young people. 这种行为在年轻人中司空见惯。
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Task 4 重点句型解析及仿写。
1. 【原句】Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger.
【翻译】你有没有问过自己，为什么人们在学习英语时经常遇到困难？直到有一天，我五岁的儿子问我汉堡包（hamburger）里有没有火腿（ham）。
【解析】本句前半部分是由“why”引导的宾语从句，后半部分是由“until”引导的时间与从句和“whether”引导的宾语从句。
本句解析 连词 why引导宾语从句 从句主语 why people Have you ever asked yourself 从句动宾结构 often have trouble learning English? 主句 until引导时间状语从句 从句主语 从句谓语 从句宾语 asked me whether引导宾语从句 whether there was ham in a hamburger I hadn't until one day my five-year-old son 【仿写1】你是否曾经想过自己你的名字有什么含义？我没有，直到有一天，我的朋友问起了我。 参考答案：Have you ever remember what does your name mean? I hadn’t, until one day my friend asked me about it.
2. 【原句】You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!
【翻译】你还可能对英语这门语言里特有的“疯狂”感到惊讶，在这种语言中，“房子被烧成灰
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烬时，可以说burn up（字面意思是“烧上去”），也可以说“burn down（字面意思是“烧下去”）”；填表的时候，你可以fill in a form（字面意思是“填入表里”），也可以 fill out a form（字面意思为“填到表外”）；而且只有闹钟走了（go off的字面意思是“离开”）之后你才能听到铃声！
【解析】本句为含有定语从句的主从复合句，3个定语从句之间是并列关系，修饰先行词language.
本句解析 主句 in which a house can burn up as it burns down, You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language 定语从句2 in which you fill a form by filling it out, 定语从句3 定语从句1 【自主仿写】 and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!
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