浅析完形填空中的熟词生义

浅析完形填空中的熟词生义

先看今年福建卷的一道完形填空题：

I found th fish _____ surrounded in a sea of customers.

A、farm B、stand C、pond D、market

该题选B，stand在这里做名词，英文解释为a small stucture used for selling ro showing something。即货摊、摊位。命题人考查了考生较为熟悉的词stand作为名词使用的用法。考生如对动词stand的名词用法不了解，就会造成误选。近年来，熟词生义成为设计完形填空干扰项的重要项目。现将今年高考中完形填空的熟词生义选项归纳如下：

1、 考察选项词汇的多个词义

例1 福建卷36

When I was theremy parents flashed cards with Chinese characters at my face.

Characters 特点，特征，角色，剩余，字体。这里考查“字体”这个词义。

例2、江苏卷43

My family and neighbors had built me up in my image,as abd boy.

Image电视屏幕上的图像，照相机镜头中的映像等，image在这里解释为the

general opinion that most people have of a person即某人的形象。句意为：我的家人和邻居早已对我形成了坏孩子的形象。

例3、安徽卷37

All too ofernmpeople buy a pen based only on looks.

Looks 看，表情，美貌，外表（the appearance of something or somebody）等。这里looks 应解释为外表。即人们选择钢笔时往往只看外表。

2、 考查选项词汇有多个词性

2.1不同词性的词义相关

例1 天津卷30

When you are siting there waiting for a bite,you cant help but talk to each other.

Bite 作动词时“咬”，该处做名词，指鱼吞饵，上钩。

例2 四川卷23

He said that we would be circling the city for a few minutes waiting to land.

格局上下文circle应解释为：to move around in a circle in the air，即兜圈子。

2．2 不同词性的词义不同

例1 陕西卷45

Now I donate any change I have to charity and enjoy the feeling of giving.

考生对change 作动词的词义“改变、变化“较为熟悉，但往往会忽略它作名词时的词义“硬币、零钱”。该题就考查change 词性变化后的词义。

例2 江苏卷55

It becomes an irresistible force which poverty and temporary defeat can never match.

match常见词性为名词表“比赛”。在这里解释为：to be competing against someone in a game or cometition，即能与之较量。

例3 湖北卷44

She said goodbye and ,for the first time,they went their separate ways.

separate 可作动词和形容词。动词词义：使分离。该题考查separate的形容词性。句意为：她道别后，第一次他们走各自的路。Separate在这里应解释为：some activities that are not connected or do not affect each other in any way.

3、考察选项词汇是派生词

3.1派生词和词根的词义相关

例1 新课标卷52

Now I realize that in marriages,true love is acceptance of all.

Acceptance的词根是accept。该句的句意为：现在我意识到，在婚姻中，真爱是接受爱人的一切。

3.2派生词和词根的词义不同

例1 天津卷19

Those fun trips had a lasting impact.

Last作动词用时，意指“持续，继续存在”。Lasting是由last派生出的形容词。通常翻译成：耐用的，不可磨灭的。该句的句意为：这次有趣的旅行给我们留下了不可磨灭的印象。

例2 江苏卷37

I would like you to meet the fellow who is a distinguished boy in this county.

Distinguish作动词时常解释为：to beable to recognize and understand the difference between two similar things or people，即“辨别、区别”。而其派生词distinguished却解释为：very successful therfore respected and admired，即“著名

的、成功的”。考生如不注意词根语派生词词义的差别很容易误选。

4、考察选项词汇的转义

现代词汇学认为，词汇意义大体上可分为两类：本义（denotation）和转义（connotation）。《美国传统词典》对denotation的定义是：the most special or direct meaning of a word, in contrast to its figurative or associated meanings（一个词最特定的或最直接的意义，与它的比喻义或联想意义相对）以下是今年完形填空中对词汇转义的考查。

例1 湖北卷33

Susans husband --- Mark watched her sink into hopelessness.

Sink的本义为船的沉没，解释为：to go down below the surface of water,mud etc.

在这里解释为：to gradually pass into a different state,especially one that is worse,该句应译为：苏珊的丈夫麦克眼看着她陷入绝望。

例2 四川卷29

That’s not a good thing to have happen in a narrow space because it only serves to increase the discomfort of the situation.

考生往往能熟练运用serve the people,serve the table这些搭配，即比较熟悉serve的本义：to give someone food or drink as part of a meal;to help customers in a

shop,而serve在这里应解释为：to have a particular effect or result，在该句中serve to 应引申为“起作用”。

例3 浙江卷37

As the children opened their packages,thir bright smile lit up the room.

Light up 点燃，照亮。考生应看出这里吧孩子们的笑容比喻成可以找房间的光源。

启示

完形填空考查以单词为主，短语为辅；而单词又以实词为主，所以提高学生的词汇理解能力对解答完形填空试题起着重要作用。不少学生对词汇的认识和理解只停留在对中文释义的记忆，致使他们与英文单词之间没有形成母语的信息过滤导向，影响对英语单词的深入理解。因此，广大考生不仅要熟悉词汇的基本含义，更要在具体的语境中认识和掌握词汇的特殊用法。在平时的学习中，尽量不依赖词汇表记忆单词。尝试多使用英英字典，遇到近义词的辨析时，应通过英语释义明白近义词的深层次内涵及其适用的语境。此外，还应多积累一词多义和习惯搭配，增强对地道表达方式的印象，排除干扰。