1、
Personality is , to large extent,inherent --A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring.But the environment must also have a profound effect,since if competition is improtant to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A characteristics is school,which is ,by its very nature,a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the \"win at all costs\" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system,in which competitive A types seem in some way better than thier B-type fellows.Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences:remember that Pheidippides ,the first marathon runner,dropped dead seconds after saying:\"Rejoice,we conquer!\".
By far the worst form of competition in school is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations . It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well.The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable,but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into 'B's. The would needs types,and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.
1.Acoording to the author,waht factors contribute to the building of personality?
a.inheritance
b.inheritance,competition and environment
c.competition
d.environment
2.Which of the following statements is not ture according to the author of the passage?
a.Schools usually adopt severe competitive policies.
b.Students are often divided by competition results.
c.School is place where children cultivate their characteristics.
d.The stronger desire for winning,the better.
3.The phrase \"soak up\" is closest in meaning to ____.
a.pull up
b.take up
c.take in
d.pull in
4.What attitude does the author hold toward examinations in schools?
a.positive
b.negative
c.doubtful
d.neutral
5.what suggestion does the author make concerning the management of schools?
a.All students be made into competitive A types.
b.A child's personality be considered in regard to his possible future job.
c.All students be changed into B characteristics.
d.Schools abolish all forms of examinations.
2、
Asked to name their favorite city, many Amerians would select San Francisco began as a small Spanish outpost located on a magnificent bay.The town was little more than a village serving ranchers when the United States took possession of it in 1846 during the war with Mexico.
San Francisco sprang into a city overnight because of the nearby discovery of gold in 1848.A great rush to California took place.Wagon trains plodded their dangerous way across 2000 miles of prairie and mountains,while hundreds of sailing vessels made the equally hazardous trip around the Horn.The vessels disgorged thousands of passengers -- then the crews deserted teir ship and hundreds of vessels were left to rot in the bay.Within two years,California had enough population to become a state and San Francisco was for many years the hub of that newly-arrived population.
The city's present popularity is due to an excellent climate, an easy style of living ,good food,and numerous tourist attractions. The city is famous for its cable cars which \"clang and bang\" up the steep hills,and for its excellent seafood stals along the wharf. Most visitors arriving from nations in the Pacific Basin spend several days getting to know the town.
1.According to this article, who were the first Californians?
a.deserters from sailing ships
b.spanish ranchers
c.gold miners
d.tourists
2.san francisco's appeal includes all of the following factors____.
a.attractive lifestyle,good seafood,desirable weather
b.tourist attactions,extreme seasons,cable cars
c.wagon trains,gold mining,good climate
d.cable cars,pleasent climate,flat terrain
3.san francisco today is a thriving city because of ____.
a.heavy industry
b.governmental headquarters
c.goldmining
d.trade and tourism
4.In waht year did California become an American state?
a.1850
b.1852
c.1846
d.1848
3、
When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he
should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our language has always been a
history of constant change—at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent
collision between two languages. Our language has always been a living growing organism, it has never
been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has
been the possession not of one class or group but of many. 『At one extreme it has been the property of
the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used
their animals or the kitchen pots and pans.』① At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those
who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it
down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty.
As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and
immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost
complete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-
Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now
depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by
means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as
prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other
words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with
word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall see later when we turn our
attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language
itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. 『The eighteenth century, for example,
produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew,
until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in
terms of the ways in which people speak and write.』②
1.In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to .
A. attempt to continue the standardization of the language
B. evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patterns
C. be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its analysis or history
D. be more aware of the rules of the language usage
2.Choose the appropriate meaning for the word “inflection” used in line 4 of paragraph 2.
A. Changes in the forms of words.
B. Changes in sentence structures.
C. Changes in spelling rules.
D. Words that have similar meanings.
3.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?
A. It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modern English language.
B. Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of its development.
C. The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.
D. Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English language.
4. The author of these paragraphs is probably a(an) .
A. historian B. philosopher C. anthropologist D. linguist
5.Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage?
A. The history of the English language. B. Our changing attitude towards the English language.
C. Our changing language. D. Some characteristics of modern English.
4、
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international
marketplace. 『This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions.』① To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the
most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. All international managers can learn culture. B. Business diversity is not necessary. C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world. Ｄ. Most people do not know foreign culture well.
2. According to the author, the model of Pepsi .
Ａ. is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around
Ｂ. is different from the model of McDonald’s
Ｃ. shows the reverse of globalization
Ｄ. has converged cultural differences
3. The two schools of thought .
Ａ. both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures
Ｂ. both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries
Ｃ. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world
Ｄ. Both Ａ and Ｂ
4. This article is supposed to be most useful for those .
A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
B. who have connections to more than one type of culture
C. who want to travel abroad
D. who want to run business on International Scale
5. According to Fortune, successful international companies .
Ａ. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas
Ｂ. all have the quality of patience
Ｃ. will follow the overseas local cultures
Ｄ. adopt the policy of internationalization
5、
As regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-known English class system. 『This is an embarrassing subject for English people, and one they tend to be ashamed of, though during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less, and the class system less rigid.』① But it still exists below the surface. Broadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class” and the “working class”. (We shall ignore for a moment the old “upper class”, including the hereditary aristocracy, since it is extremely small in numbers; but some of its members have the right to sit in the House of Lords, and some newspapers take a surprising interest in their private life.) The middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of all kinds. The working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers.
The most obvious difference between them is in their accent. Middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of “received pronunciation” which is the kind of English spoken by BBC announcers and taught to overseas pupils. Typical working-class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated. One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the two-class education system. To have been to a so-called “public school” immediately marks you out as one of the middle class. The middle classes tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured. Their midday meal is “lunch” and they have a rather formal evening meal called “dinner”, whereas the working man’s dinner, if his working hours permit, is at midday, and his smaller, late-evening meal is called supper.
As we have said, however, the class system is much less rigid than it was, and
for a long time it has been government policy to reduce class distinctions. 『Working-class students very commonly receive a university education and enter the professions, and working-class incomes have grown so much recently that the distinctions between the two classes are becoming less and less clear. 』②However, regardless of one’s social status, certain standards of politeness are expected of everybody, and a well-bred person is polite to everyone he meets, and treats a labourer with the same respect he gives an important businessman. Servility inspires both embarrassment and dislike. Even the word “sir”, except in school and in certain occupations (e.g. commerce, the army etc.) sounds too servile to be commonly used.
1. The middle class mainly refers to people .
A. who were born as aristocrat B. who have the right to sit in the House of Lords
C. who speak in many different local accents D. who are prosperous businessmen or who work in some professions
2. The most obvious difference between the working class and the middle class in English is their .
A. dress B. work C. accent D. meal
3. Why isn’t the word “sir” commonly used in Britain?
A. Because it sounds too servile and is likely to cause embarrassment. B. Because it can only be used in some certain occupations.
C. Because it is an impolite word. D. Because it shows that the speaker is not a well-bred person.
4. The “upper class” in England today .
A. are extremely small in number so that media pays no attention to them
B. still uses old words like “Sir” in their everyday life
C. includes the hereditary aristocracy
D. refers only to the royal family
5. Which of the following is not true about the English class system?
A. It is an embarrassing subject for English people.
B. Working-class students cannot receive a university education.
C. The class system is much less rigid than it was.
D. The class system still exists below the surface.
6、
There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. 『Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens.』① They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.
By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.
On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, closeups.
The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.
Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. 『But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances
across the field to check his first baseman’s position.』② Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”
The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses.
1. The passage is mainly concerned with .
A. the different tastes of people for sports B. the different characteristics of sports
C. the attraction of football D. the attraction of baseball
2. Those who don’t like baseball may complain that .
A. it is only to the taste of the old B. it involves fewer players than football
C. it is not exciting enough D. it is pretentious and looks funny
3. The author admits that .
A. baseball is too peaceful for the young B. baseball may seem boring when watched on TV
C. football is more attracting than baseball D. baseball is more interesting than football
4. By stating “I could have had my eyes closed. ” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence):
A. The third
baseman would rather sleep than play the game.
B. Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result. C. The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well.
D. The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it.
5. We can safely conclude that the author.
A. likes football B. hates football C. hates baseball D. likes baseball
7、
Among the more colorful characters of Leadville’s golden age were H.A.W.Tabor and his second wife,Elizabeth McCourt,better known as “Baby
Doe”.Their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the Old West.Horace Austin Warner Tabor was a school teacher in Vermont.With his first wife and two children he left Vermont by covered wagon in 1855 to homes tead in Kansas.Perhaps he did not find farming to his liking,or perhaps he was lured by rumors of fortunes to be made in Colorado mines.At any rate,a few years later he moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch,which he later renamed Leadville when he became its leading citizen. “Great deposits of lead are sure to be found here.”he said.
As it turned out,it was silver,not lead,that was to make Leadville’s fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about mining himself,so he opened a general store,which sold everything from boots to salt,flour,and tobacco.『It was his custom to “grubstake” prospective miners,in other words,to supply them with food and supplies,or “grub”, while they looked for ore,in return for which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered.』①He did this for a number of years,but no one that he aided ever found anything of value.
Finally one day in the year 1878,so the story goes,two miners came in and asked for “grub”. Tabor had decided to quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way.These were persistent, however,and Tabor was too busy to argue with them. “Oh help yourself.One more time won’t make any difference,” He said and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers.the two miners took $17 worth of supplies,in return for which they gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings.They picked a barren place on the mountainside and began to dig.After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver.Tabor bought the shares of the
other two men,and so the mine belonged to him alone.This mine,known as the “Pittsburgh Mine,” made 1 300 000 for Tabor in return for his $17 investment.
Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for $117 000.This turned out to be even morefabulous than the Pittsburgh,yielding $35 000 worth of silver per day at one time.Leadville grew.Tabor became its first mayor,and later became lieutenant governor of the state.
1.Leadville got its name for the following reasons EXCEPT.
A.because Tabor became its leading citizen
B.because great deposits of lead is expected to be found there
C.because it could bring good fortune to Tabor
D.because it was renamed
2.The word “grubstake” in paragraph 2 means.
A.to supply miners with food and supplies
B.to open a general store
C.to do one’s contribution to the development of the mine
D.to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine,if one was discovered
3.Tabor made his first fortune.
A.by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a one-third interest in the findings
B.because he was persuaded by the two miners to quit supplying
C.by buying the shares of the other
D.as a land speculator
4. The underlying reason for Tabor’s life career is.
A. purely accidental
B. based on the analysis of miner’s being very poor and their possibility of discovering profitable mining site
C. through the help from his second wife
D. he planned well and accomplished targets step by step
5.If this passage is the first part of an article,who might be introduced in the
following part?
A.Tabor’s life.
B.Tabor’s second wife,Elizabeth McCourt.
C.Other colorful characters.
D.Tabor’s other careers.
8、
While the cities of China have undergone modernization evident in the rising towers and bright lights that have awakened the sleeping country, the countryside remains largely the same.
『Rectangular rows of rice fields litter the landscape separated by long lanes of water designed to provide the constant supply of water that is vital to producing the crop.』① The experience is not unlike driving through the American Midwest, only rice not corn dominates the landscape.
Four years ago, when I last took this trip, the roads were dust and telephone wires did not run parallel to the highway. Bare roads have been replaced by sleek, newly paved highways running from Shanghai to Nanking, to my smaller, home city, Wuhu. Unlike the changes I had heard of and expected in Shanghai, Wuhu was much more of a surprise. The small city where I was born had grown up as I have.
There are large high-rise buildings, each ringed with smaller buildings around it, many of these apartment complexes. Little seemed familiar and I wonder what my grandparent’s flat built of brick and mortar had become.
『Perhaps I shouldn’t have been surprised to find out that their home had been demolished and rebuilt as a six story apartment complex as well. 』②Walking up to the second floor I saw my grandfather’s face peering out of the screen door. He began to smile as he saw me, and so did I. Their home is now no different from a western apartment. Equipped with the modern amenities of a gas stove, a toilet, a showerthis was indeed different from four years ago.
1. According to the author, dramatic changes took place in.
A. cities but not countryside of China B. both cities and countryside of China
C. countryside but not in large cities D. everywhere
2. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that .
A. peasants lead similar life all over the world
B. Chinese irrigating system is more impressing than that in America
C. peasants in Midwest America raise more corns while Chinese peasants raise more rice
D. peasants in Midwest America raise more rice while Chinese peasants raise more corn
3. The author was traveling to Wuhu.
A. in order to take a stop during the trip from Shanghai to Nanking
B. in order to find some place similar to his hometown
C. in order to visit his grand parents
D. in order to find out changes in small cities
4. The author’s grand parents.
A. live in their house of brick and mortar
B. live in an apartment similar to westerners
C. led a totally westernized life
D. was poor as they always were
5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. Flash back to China B. From Shanghai to Nanking C. Wuhu Today D. Back With My Grand Parents
9、 Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some break in one’s career in order to attend school full time.
『Part time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. 』①Additionally, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact negatively on one’s career and family time.
Of the many approaches to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method which allows the students the flexibility to study at his or
her own pace to achieve the academic goals which are so necessary in today’s world. The time required to study may be set aside at the student’s convenience with due regard to all life’s other requirements. Additionally, the student may enroll in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. 『Tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet.』②
Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject evaluation tool with every subject. This precludes the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance learning program is the equivalence of the distance learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed. The individuality of the professor/student relationship is another characteristic of a good distance learning program. In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual student but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. Sponsoring distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining career-minded people while contributing to their personal and professional growth through education.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of
part time education?
A. It requires some break in one’s career.
B. It tends to last too long for many people to complete a degree program.
C. It affects one’s career.
D. It gives the student less time to share with the family.
2. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of distance learning?
A. The student may choose his or her own pace.
B. The student may study at any time to his or her convenience.
C. They can pursue their chosen career while studying.
D. Their tutorial assistance comes through regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, etc.
3. What benefit will distance learning program bring to a business?
A. Recruitment of more talented people.
B. Good image of the business.
C. Better cooperation with universities.
D. Further training of employees and business growth.
4. Good distance learning program have the following characteristic EXCEPT .
A. distance learning course is the same as students taking courses in campus
B. the result diploma or degree should be same as on campus study
C. professor-student relationship is strictly one to one all through the course
D. includes subject evaluation tool
5. What benefit will distance learning bring to an employee of a business?
A. Professional growth.
B. Good relationship with the employer.
C. Good impression on the employer.
D. Higher salary.
10、
One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up.
Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking - still in private rather than in public - whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority, admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of the 1990’s.
『Should Harvard or any other university be an intellectual sanctuary, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution? 』①This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard.
The issue was defined by Waiter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, several years ago. “If the universities are to do their work,” he said, “they must be independent and they must be disinterested… They are places to which men
can turn for judgements which are unbiased by partisanship and special interest. 『Obviously, the moment the universities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgement is impaired.”』②
This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderate students: that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be “disinterested” but activist in bringing the nation’s ideals and actions together.
Harvard’s men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. 『They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is bound to influence American university and political life in the 1990’s.』③
1. The issues in the debate on Harvard’s goals are whether the universities should remain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should .
A. fight militarism B. overcome the widespread drug dependency
C. take an active part in solving society’s ills
D. support our old and established institutions
2. In regard to their goals and purposes in life, the author believes that Harvard men are becoming .
A. more sure about them B. less sure about them
C. more hopeful of reaching a satisfactory answer
D. completely disillusioned about ever
3. The word “paradox” in paragraph 1 is .
A. a parenthetical expression B. a difficult puzzle
C. an abnormal condition D. a self-contradiction
4. The word “sanctuary”in paragraph 3 is.
A. a holy place dedicated to a certain god
B. a temple or nunnery of middle age
C. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishaps
D. an academy for intelligent people
5. In the author’s judgement, the ferment going on at Harvard .
A. is a sad symbol of our general bewilderment
B. will soon be over, because times are bound to change
C. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friends
D. will influence future life in America
11、
Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology that biology is destiny. According to this ideology, basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes. These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life. Women are the weaker sex
both physically and emotionally. Thus,
they are naturally suited much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties. A woman’s place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment of the home. Nature has determined that women play care-taker roles, such as wife and mother and homemaker. On the other hand men are best suited to go out into the competitive world of work and politics, where serious responsibilities must be taken on. Men are to be the providers; women and children are “dependents”.
The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex. It is thus appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an extension of women’s domestic role. 『Informal distinctions between “women’s work” and “men’s work” in the labor force, according to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes.』①
Finally, the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way. For the human species to survive over time, its members must regularly reproduce. Thus, women must, whether at home or in the labor force, make the most of their physical appearance. So goes the ideology. It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in social life. There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society, and those role differences that do exist are largely learned.
『But to the degree people actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society, sex-defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable.』②
1. Women’s place, some people think, is the protective environment of the home because .
A. women can provide better care for the children
B. women are too weak to do any agricultural work at all
C. women are biologically suited to domestic jobs
D. women can not compete with men in any field
2. According to the author, sex roles .
A. are socially determined
B. are emotionally and physically determined
C. can only be determined by what education people take
D. are biologically and psychologically determined
3. The author points out that the assignments of women’s roles in work .
A. are determined by what they are better suited to
B. grow out of their position inside the home
C. reflect a basic difference between men and women
D. are suitable to them, but not to men
4. The author will probably agree with .
A. certain sociologists ’prediction that woman are picking up more responsibility in the decades to come B. historian’s general denial of women’s contribution towards human thoughts
C. Nietzsche’s contemplation about difference between sexes
D. entrepreneurs favoring particular sex when hiring employee
5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The division of sex-defined roles is completely unacceptable.
B. Women’s roles in work is too limited at present.
C. In one society, men might perform what is considered women’s duties by another.
D. Some of the women’s roles in domestic duties can not be taken over by men.
12、
More and more, the operations of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
『It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.』①
Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. 『In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed.』 ② Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country,
commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused. 『They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives, accountants, and security staff.』③ And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.
1.It can be concluded from the passage that .
A. it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today
B. computer crimes are the one of most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions
C. computer criminals can escape punishment because they can’t be detected
D. people commit computer crimes at the request of their company
2.It is implied in the third paragraph that .
A. many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered
B. the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem
C. most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes
D. most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck
3.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
A. A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.
B. Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information.
C. Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation.
D. Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.
4. The underlying reason for the computer criminals to get recommendations he needs is that .
A. they have skills formidably difficult for others to master
B. the employers are afraid that they would take avenge if punished
C. the employers are much afraid of bringing the public into disbelief towards them through the criminals words in open court
D. those who commit crimes do not mean bad
5.What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?
A. With bad reputation they can hardly find another job.
B. They will be denied access to confidential records.
C. They may walk away and easily find another job.
D. They must leave the country or go to jail.
13、
Desegregation of higher education has produced significant improvements in education for all Americans. 『Theopening up of segregated colleges and universities to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds came aboutonly as the result of many forms of prolonged struggle in the courts, in the streets, and on campuses.』①
The efforts to open up higher educational opportunities for blacks in historically white institutions also ledto expanded opportunities for lower- and middle-class white students, especially at institutions that adopted“open
admissions” policies of accepting all high school graduates. Between 1960 and 1981, while the number ofblack students between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four enrolled in college increased from 134,000 to over750,000, the number of white students in the same age group grew from just over 2 million to over 6.5 million. In 1960 more than one-half of blacks attending colleges were enrolled at historically black institutions. By1981 that percentage had declined to just 18 per cent. Most of the blacks enrolled in traditionally whiteinstitutions, however, were at two-year community colleges or at four-year public colleges that were becomingor had already become predominantly black.
『Desegregation of higher education produced difficult problems for historically black institutions that hadalways struggled under great hardship to provide higher education for blacks when blacks had been barred fromwhite institutions. 』②Historically black institutions, however, have continued to produce a high percentageof the most educationally and professionally successful blacks in the United States. Meanwhile, blacks inpredominantly white institutions have achieved notable progress, but they have also encountered variousproblems.
College completion rates for young blacks have increased substantially, but they are only about one-half therate for young whites. In 1981, for example, 11.5 percent of blacks aged twenty-five to twenty-nine and 21.3percent of whites in that age group had completed college.
Blacks continue to be substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the United States.During the early 1980s blacks comprised
about 6 percent of students in graduate school and medical school andabout 4 percent of all law school students. Blacks also received about 4 percent of all doctoral degrees, butover half of these degrees were conferred in one discipline—education. In general, since the cry of “reversediscrimination” was raised during the middle of the 1970s, black progress in higher education has been slowedand perhaps even reversed.
1.What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Desegregation of higher education produced many difficulties for historically black institutions.
B. The opening up of higher educational opportunities for blacks led to expanded opportunities for whitestudents too.
C. Blacks have been historically repressed in graduate and professional schools in the United States.
D. Desegregation of higher education has brought more higher educational opportunities for black and whitestudents alike.
2.What can be inferred about the opening up of segregated colleges and universities?
A. It came about as the result of a surge in the number of students enrolled in
higher institutions.
B. It came about as the result of time-long resistance against racial discrimination against blacks.
C. It came about when the cry of “reverse discrimination” was raised.
D. It came about when efforts to expand educational opportunities for lower- and middle-class black people wereintensified.
3.Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of the opening up of segregated colleges anduniversities?
A. Black students were substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the UnitedStates.
B. It brought a significant increase in the number of white students.
C. It created thorny problems for historically black institutions.
D. The number of black students between eighteen to twenty-four years old enrolled in college greatlyincreased.
4. After the desegregation of higher education black students are still unlikely to .
A. get enrolled in traditionally white colleges
B. get enrolled in traditionally black institutions
C. complete college
D. get a Doctor’s Degree in science
5.Which of the following is true about historically black institutions?
A. The students in historically black institutions are no longer predominantly black after the opening up ofsegregated institutions.
B. They created many problems for their students.
C. They achieved notable progress even though they were under great hardship.
D. The number of historically black institutions dropped in the 1960s and 1970s.
14、
Indonesia has defended its bloody crackdown on protesters seeking higher compensation for land on Bintan Island, where Singaporeans hold the lion’s share of investments, reports said yesterday. “I am very sad by the turn of events,”
the head of the Bintan District Assembly, Mr Huzrin Hood, was quoted as saying in Singapore’s Straits Times daily. “But if nothing was done, there will be problems for Bintan in the long run.”
Bintan, about 50 kilometers east of Singapore, is a popular weekend resort for Singaporeans, who also hold the majority of the $S1.35 billion ($1.23 billion) in investments there. In a pre-dawn operation on Sunday, Indonesian troops moved in to quell nearly a week of protests outside the Bintan Beach International Resort by about 200 disgruntled villagers. At least 13 people were injured, four of them seriously, and more than 70 people arrested in the 45-minute operation, according to the Straits Times. Three of the injured were said to have gunshot wounds in the chest and stomach. The report said the arrested were blindfolded and tied up before being put into a speedboat and brought to a police station in Tanjung Pinang, south of Bintan island. Eight of 12 student leaders fighting for the villagers’ rights were also held in the operation.
The villagers had set up a blockade and camped at a road leading to the Bintan Beach International Resort, demanding additional compensation for the land they sold for the resort and an industrial estate managed by a unit of Singapore conglomerate SembCorp Industries Ltd. Armed with knives and spears, they had last week seized a power plant of the Bintan Industrial Estate, severing electricity and water supply to the 27 factories there. They left the plant after being given assurances their demands would be looked into.
Indonesia’s President Abdurrahman Wahid had cancelled at the last minute a
planned meeting yesterday with representatives of the protesters, who declined to relent. Singapore’s Prime Minister, Mr. Goh Chok Tong, also expressed regret over the protests and appealed to Indonesia to protect foreign investors in Bintan. 『Mr. Hood said the Indonesian Government had no choice but to act, because the villagers kept on rejecting its proposals for an end to the blockade.』① He would go to Jakarta this week to meet senior central Government officials to help resolve the problems faced by the villagers, he said. “There are many of them still out there, and if they are still unhappy they can cause problems for Bintan in the future.”
1.What is the topic of this passage, according to the passage?
A. Indonesia villagers attacked the Bintan District Assembly.
B. Indonesia government defended it’s protesters who sought higher compensation for land on Bintan island from Singapore.
C. Indonesia defended its bloody crackdown on protesters seeking higher compensation for land on Bintan Island. D. Indonesia government defends its villagers cracked down by Singapore.
2.Bintan is .
A. a popular weekend resort for Singaporeans
B. an island where Singaporean hold the majority of the $1.23 billion investment
C. a place where Indonesia cracked down protesters seeking more compensation
D. all of the above
3.Which of the following is Not true about the crackdown in Bintan?
A. Indonesian troops quelled the protesters outside the Bintan Beach international Resort by about 200 villagers.
B. At least 13 people were injured, but no death so far.
C. Eight of 12 student leaders fighting for the villagers’ rights were also injured in the operation. D. The villagers demand additional compensation for the land they sold for the resort and an industrial estate managed by a unit of Singapore conglomerate SembCorp Industrials Ltd.
4. Which of the following is the most probable result?
A. The villagers’ request was finally fulfilled.
B. The Singaporeans were driven out and everything was settled.
C. The villagers was given a little more money and warned not to make any more disturbance, they have no choice but to submit.
D. More protest broke out and evolved into a revolution.
5.From the last part of the passage we know .
A. the representatives declined to relent after the meeting with President Wahid
B. Singapore’s Prime Minister expressed regret over the protesters and appealed to Indonesia to protect foreign investors in the country
C. head of the Bintan District Assemble will meet senior central Singapore government officials to deal with the problems faced by the villagers
D. many protesters are still keeping on their act in Bintan
15、
President Clinton met with leaders of some major U.S. high-tech companies on Thursday to enlist their support in an uphill battle to secure Congress’ blessing for a landmark trade agreement with China. White House spokesman Joe Lockhart said Clinton stopped in to talk to several of the industry’s top executives while they were at the White House for talks with Chief of Staff John Podesta. “The president’s main focus of his comments to the group was the importance of, early this year, getting NTR (normal trade relations) on China worked through,” Lockhart said. Clinton discussed 『“the importance not only to their particular businesses, which is clearly important, but also to the American economy and to the idea that we can continue this prosperity, we can continue this economic expansion,”』① Lockhart said.
The industry executives who met with Clinton and Podesta included Cisco Systems (NasdaqNM:CSCO - news) CEO John Chambers; Dell Computer Corp. (NasdaqNM:DELL - news) CEO Michael Dell; Intel Corp. (NasdaqNM:INTC - news) Chairman Andrew Grove; Compaq Computer Corp. (NYSE:CPQ - news) CEO Mike Capella; Hewlett-Packard (NYSE:HWP - news) CEO Carly Fiornia; NCR Corp. (NYSE:NCR - news) CEO Lars Nyberg; and Silicon Graphics Inc. (NYSE:SGI - news) Chairman and CEO Robert Bishop.
『The White House has said Clinton and his cabinet would launch a major campaign to convince Congress to approve permanent NTR status for China, which would clear the way for China to join the World Trade Organization.』② U.S.
Commerce Secretary William Daley said on Wednesday it was critical that Congress vote soon on the trade agreement, warning the November election could jeopardize its chance of passage. The trade agreement, hammered out last November after years of negotiation, calls for China to slash tariffs and other barriers in a wide range of markets, from agriculture and automobiles to telecommunications. The agreement is backed by big business and free-trade Republicans, but is under fire from labor union leaders and many of their Democratic allies in Congress, who see more trade with China as a threat to U.S. jobs.
In return for China opening its markets, Congress must grant Beijing permanent NTR status and do away with its annual review process. That process has become increasingly controversial with lawmakers often speaking out against China’s human rights record and recently on allegations that China stole U.S. nuclear secrets. A White House official said the high-tech executives also discussed the “digital divide”—the growing division in the United States between those with easy access to the Internet and those without—in their talks with Podesta. “Both the administration and the CEOs said it was a very positive meeting,” he said. “Both sides pledged to work together.”
1.What does “blessing” mean in the context?
A. An act of asking or receiving God’s favor, help or protection.
B. A gift from God; something one is glad of .
C. Approval; encouragement.
D. Something not very pleasant, which however is really a good thing after all.
2.The importance of “getting normal trade relations on China worked through” is .
A. the normal trade relations with China is important to the American economy
B. the normal trade relations with China is important to the idea that the US can continue its prosperity and its economy expansion
C. the normal trade relations with China is important to the big businesses and trade
D. all of the above
3.Which of the following are the two sides that were present at the meeting?
A. Clinton, President the US-Cisco Systems; Dell computer Corp; Intel Corp; Compaq Computer Corp; Hewlett; NCR Corp; Silicon Graphics Inc.
B. Clinton and Podesta-leaders of some major U.S. high-tech companies.
C. Clinton, Podesta, Joe Lockhart-Cisco systems CEO; Dell Computer Corp CEO; Intel Corp Chairman; Compay computer Corp CEO; Hewlett-Packard CEO; NCR Corp CEO; Silicon Graphics Inc, Chairman and CEO.
D. Podesta-John Chambers; Michael Dell; Andrew Grove; Mike Capella; Carly Fiornia; Lars Nyberg; Robert Bishop.
4. The reason for labor union’s disapproval to NTR status for China is probably .
A. out of political consideration
B. for the fear that China’s low labor cost may cause more unemployment in America.
C. unreasonable and ridiculous
D. for the fear of more business conflict between America and China as partners
5.What conclusion can we draw about the meeting ,according to the passage?
A. It was a positive meeting and both sides are willing to work together on the landmark trade agreement.
B. The trade agreement is backed by big business and free-trade Republicans, but the labor union leaders and many of their Democratic allies in Congress are against it.
C. The high-tech executives discussed the “digital divide” -the growing division in the United States between those with easy access to the Internet and those without.
D. Clinton and his cabinet would launch a major campaign to convince congress to approve permanent NTR status for China.
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