1. 短语归纳
① short hair 短发 ② long hair 长 ③ curly hair 卷发 ④ straight hair 直发 ⑤ blonde hair 金黄色的头发 ⑥ (be) of medium height中等个子 ⑦ (be) of medium build 中等身材 ⑧ in the end 最后 ⑨ a long face 长脸 ⑩ black hair 黑发
2. 典句必背
① —What does he look like? 他长什么样(外貌) —He’s really tall. 他真的很高。 ② —What is he like?他这个人怎么样?(性格,气质,内在特别) —He’s really quiet.他很内向。. ③ —Do they have straight or curly hair? 他们留直发还是卷发?(选择疑问句) —They have curly hair. ④ —Is he tall or short? 他高还是矮?(“选择疑问句”,一般不能用yes,no回答) —He isn’t tall or short. He’s of medium height. 他不高不矮,他中等个子。 ⑤ The man with a pair of glasses is my English teacher. 那个戴眼镜的男人是我的英语老师。
3. 用法集萃
11 a big nose 大鼻子 12 a small mouth 小嘴巴 例:He has a big mouth.他喜欢说别人坏话。 13 He has a wide mouth 他长着一张大嘴。 14 He has big eyes 大眼睛,不能加a,眼睛是两只 15 wear glasses戴眼镜, ❖ 作为眼镜用复数,作为玻璃不可数,但玻璃杯可数 如:a glass of tea 一杯茶 16 the same way 同样的方式 17 hair头发通常不可数,但如果指一根一根的头发就可数,如3 hairs 1
(1) What does he look like? 他长什么样?
❖ “What+do/ does+主语+look like?” 句型用于询问人的外貌特征。
回答时常用描述外貌的形容词,可用“主语+be动词+形容词”句式, 也可用“主语+have/ has+形容词+名词”句式进行描述。 例:—What does your brother look like? 你哥哥长什么样?
—He is tall and thin./He has short curly hair.他又高又瘦/他有一头短短的卷发
❖ 在英语中,询问性格通常用“What+be动词+主语+like?”的句式。
例:—What is your new teacher like? 你的新老师是什么样的人?
—She is very strict. 她很严厉
牛刀小试
—What does your math teacher _______ ? —He is of medium height and young.
A.look at B.look after C.look for D.look like (2) Are you going to the movie tonight? 你今天晚上去看电影吗?
❖ 本句是 “be going to+地点或场所” 的句式结构,表示“打算/将要去某地或某场所”
例:We are going to Hong Kong next month. 我们下个月打算去香港
Are you going to Lisa's birthday party? 你打算去参加莉萨的生日聚会吗?
❖ 拓展:be going to do sth.是一般将来时的结构,表示“计划/打算做某事”。
例:They are going to travel around Europe. 他们打算环游欧洲
(3) Yeah, but I may be a little late.对,但是我可能会晚到一点 ① 本句中的may是情态动词,意为“可能;或许”,表示推测。 例:—Where is Mary? 玛丽在哪里?
—I’m not sure. She may be in the library. 我不确定。她可能在图书馆
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❖ 其他用来表推测的情态动词: must 用在肯定句中,语气较为强烈,She walks for long, so she must be hungry. 可译为“一定;肯定” 她走了很长时间,所以她一一定饿了 The man may be our new teacher. 那个男人可能是我们的新老师 He can’t be Tom. Tom has gone to Beijing. 他不可能是汤姆。汤姆去北京了。 might 表示不确定, 可译为“或许;也许” can 用在否定句中, can’t可译为“不可能” ② 辨析:few, a few, little, a little 含义 意义 所修饰的词 例句 She has few friends, so she often feels lonely. few 几乎没有 否定 可数名词复数 她几乎没有朋友,所以她经常觉得孤独。 There are a few coins in my pocket. a few 一些,少数 肯定 可数名词复数 我的口袋里有几枚硬币。 I have little time for reading. little 几乎没有 否定 不可数名词 我没有多少时间看书。 Don’t worry. We can get there on time. We still have a little time.别担心,我们能按时到那里。我们还有-些时间。 a little 少量 牛刀小试
肯定 不可数名词 —The river is very dirty. _______ people want to swim in it. —We should do something to save it.
A. A few B. Little C. Few D. A little (4) He’s of medium height. 他中等身材
❖ (be) of medium height是固定搭配,意为“中等身材”。
其中height作名词,意为“身高;高度”。
例:My English teacher is of medium height. 我的英语老师中等身材。
David is of medium height. 戴维中等身材。
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(5) Many people don’t always see things the same way so they may describe the same person differently.
很多人并非总是以同样的方式看待事物,所以他们可能会将同一个人描述得不一-样。 ❖ differently作副词,意为“不同地”,是由形容词different加副词后缀-ly构成的。
例:They are twins, but they do things differently. 他们是双胞胎,但是他们做事的方式不同。 ❖ 拓展differently 的同根词有:
difference n. 区别;差别;不同 different adj. 不同的;不一样的(可构成be different from...的短语,意为“和.....不同”) 牛刀小试
_________ people see the same thing ______ .
A. Different ; differently B.Differently ; different C. Different ; different D. Differently ; differently
(6) He wants to draw a picture of each criminal, but this job is sometimes difficult.
他想给每个罪犯画一幅画,但这份工作有时很困难。 ❖ 辨析:each, every
Each child gets a present. 每一个孩子都得到一份礼物。 each和every都可以用作形容词,作定语,修饰单数可数名词,但each强调个体,而every强调整体。 Every student has a pen. 每个学生都有一支钢笔。 = All students have pens. each指两个或两个以上中的每一个;
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There are trees on each side of the road. 而every指三个或三个以上中的每一个,不能指两个中的。 马路的两边都有树。 I go out for a walk every day. 我每天都出去散步。 each可作代词,作主语或宾语,可与of直接连用, 而every则只能作形容词。
Each of us has a ticket. 我们每人都有一张票。 (7) In the end, the real criminal is a short and heavy old man, and he has short black hair!
最后,真正的罪犯是个又矮又胖的老头,他留有黑色的短发! ❖ in the end意为“最后,终于”。它的意思相当于finally, at last。
例:Tom passed the examine in the end. 最后汤姆通过了考试。
4. 语法聚焦:选择疑问句
一般疑问句+or+选择部分 结构 特殊疑问句+A or B 你通常几点钟起床,六点还是七点? 回答 选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答。 --Does she have short or long hair? 她留着短发还是长发? 两者回答其一。
--She has longhair. 她留着长发。 Is your friend a boy or a girl? 你的朋友是男孩儿还是女孩儿? When do you usually get up, at six o’clock or seven o’clock? Unit 10 I’d like some noodles.
5. 短语归纳
① would like to do = want to do想要去做 ② take one’s order 准备点菜 ③ beef soup 牛肉 ④ one bowl of… 一碗 ⑤ bowls of 两碗
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12 orange juice 橘汁 13 around the world=all over the world 世界各地 14 birthday cake 生日蛋糕 15 the number of... ...的数量 16 make a wish 许原 ⑥ what size什么尺寸 ⑦ mapo tofu with rice带有米饭的麻婆豆腐 ⑧ what kind 什么种类 ⑨ a small / medium / large bowl of 小/ 中/大碗 ⑩ green tea 绿茶 11 black tea 红茶
6. 典句必背
17 blow out the candles吹灭蜡烛 18 in one go=in one breath 一口气 19 come true 实现 20 cut up 切碎 ① —What kind of noodles would you like? 你想要哪种面条? —I’d like beef noodles, please. 我想要牛肉面。 ② —What size would you like? 你想要多大的? —I’d like a medium bowl, please. 我想要一个中碗的。 ③ —Would you like some eggs? 你想要一个大碗的吗? —Yes, please. 好吧/ —No,thanks. ④ some用于肯定句和表示请求的疑问句,any用于否定句和普通的疑问句 ⑤ If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true.(条件状语从句) 假如他或她一口气吹灭所有的蜡烛,愿望将实现。
7. 用法集萃
(8) What would you like? 你想要什么?
❖ 本句是含would like 的特殊疑问句,结构为 “What would+主语+like?”,用于询问“某人想要什么”。
其中would like 意为“想要”,相当于want,但语气比want更加委婉,多用于口语中,并且would like 没有人称和数的变化。
例:—What would you like? 你想要什么?
—I’d like some tomatoes. 我想要一些西红柿。
❖ would like有如下两种常见的句式,它们的结构、用法和答语分别是:
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句式结构 用法及答语 用于询问某人是否想要某物。 例句 —Would you like some green tea? 你想要些绿茶吗? —Yes, please. 是的,谢谢。 —No, thanks. 不,谢谢。 Would you like sth.? 你想要某物吗? 肯定答语为:“Yes, please.” 否定答语为:“No, thanks.” 用于发出邀请或提出建议。 肯定答语为: Would you like to do sth.? “Yes/Sure, I’d love to.” 你想要做某事吗? 否定答语通常为: “I’d love to, but...” 或“Sorry, I can’t.”等, 还可以用I have to...解释原因
(9) May I take your order? 您现在点菜吗?
—Would you like to go skating? 你想去滑冰吗? 一Yes, I'd like/love to. 是的,我想去。 —I’d love to, but I have to look after my sister. 我很想去,可我必须照顾我的妹妹。 ❖ take one’s order意为“点菜”,其中order作名词,意为“点菜”。
例:You can give your order to the waiter. 你可以把你点的菜告诉服务员 ❖ 拓展:order还有如下词性和用法
v. 点菜 n.命令 v.命令 牛刀小试
If you are late again, the teacher will order you ______ outside the classroom. A. stand B.to stand C.standing D. stands (10) What size would you like? 你想要多大的?
❖ 本句是what size引导的特殊疑问句,其中size是名词,意为“大小;尺码”,
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I want to order the beef noodles. 我想点牛肉面。 We must obey the orders. 我们必须服从命令 The official ordered them to go out. 那位官员命令他们出去 该句用于询问某人想要多大的。 答语通常含有large, medium或small等。 例:—What size is your jacket? 你的夹克是多大尺码的?
—Large. 大号的。
❖ 拓展:what size属于“what+名词” 构成的特殊疑问词组。此类词组归纳:
what sport什么运动 what time几点 what class哪个班 what club什么俱乐部 牛刀小试
—We have some different skirts. ______ does your daughter want? —She wants a medium one.
A. What color B.What kind C. What size D. What sport (11) The number of candles is the person’s age. 蜡烛的数量是人的年龄 ❖ 辨析:the number of, a number of
表示“.....的数量”,其后要跟可数名词的复数形式。 the number of 当“the number of..” 作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式 The number of the students in our school is very small. 我们学校的学生数量很少。 what size多大尺码 what kind什么种类 what language什么语言 what color/colour什么颜色 表示“许多”,number前可以加small、large等词来表示程度。 A large number of students are a number of “a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式 牛刀小试
In our city there _____ a number of cars and the number of them _____ growing larger and larger. A.are; is B.have; is C.is; are
(12) The birthday person must make a wish and blow out the candles. 过生日的人必须许愿并把蜡烛吹灭。 ❖ blow out意为“吹灭”,其中blow作动词,意为“吹”。
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playing football. 许多学生正在踢足球。 blow out的宾语有两种情况:
➢ 如果宾语是名词,该名词宾语可以位于blow和out之间,也可以位于out之后
例:You should blow out the candles/ blow the candles out first. 你应该先吹灭那些蜡烛。 ➢ 如果宾语是代词该代词,宾语只能位于blow和out之间
例:Look at the candle on the table. Please blow it out. 看桌子上的那支蜡烛,请把它吹灭吧。 ❖ 拓展“动词+out”的短语小结: come out 出来;出版 set out 出发
(13) If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true.
如果他或她口气把蜡烛全部吹灭,许的愿望便会成真。 ❖ 本句是含条件状语从句的主从复合句,
主句是the wish will come true, 从句是If he or she blows out all the candles in one go。 if 是连词,引导条件状语从句。如果主句用一般将来时, if引导的从句用一般现在时。 例:If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. 如果明天下雨,我将会待在家里。 牛刀小试
—When is the school art festival?
—It will be held on time if it _____ next Monday.
A. don’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D.didn’t rain
(14) In China, it is getting popular to have cake on your birthday. 在中国,生日吃蛋糕日渐流行。 ❖ popular作形容词,意为“受欢迎的;流行的”。
get popular意为“受欢迎;流行”,它属于系表结构的短语,get是系动词,意为“变得”, 形容词popular作get的表语。例:His songs are getting popular. 他的歌曲日渐流行。 ❖ 反义词:unpopular adj.不受欢迎的
❖ be popular with/ among... “在.....中很受欢迎”。
look out 当心;小心 go out 外出 work out 算出,解决 run out跑出去;用完,耗尽 put out 熄灭;扑灭 find out发现;查明 9
例:Jay Chou is popular among/with young people. 周杰伦在年轻人中很受欢迎。 (15) They never cut up the noodles because the long noodles are a symbol of long life.
他们从不把面条切碎,因为长长的面条是长寿的象征。 ❖ cut up是固定搭配,意为“切碎”。
例:Please cut up the bananas. 请把这些香蕉切碎。 ❖ 常见的cut短语: ➢ cut down 砍伐,砍倒 ➢ cut off 切掉,切断 ➢ cut in line 插队
➢ cut out 剪下,裁剪;删除 牛刀小试
—What else should I do to make tomato and egg noodles?
—You need to ______ a tomato and put the pieces into the boiling water.
A.cut up B.cut down C.cut off D.cut out
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8. 语法聚焦:可数名词和不可数名词
(1) 可数名词:可以以数目来计算的名词,它有单数和复数之分。 ① 单数可以和不定冠词a连用 ② 名词单数变复数的变化规则
类别 一般情况 构词方法 加 -s 例词 book -- books /buks/ bag -- bags /bægz/ key -- keys /ki:z/ 以x, s, ch, sh等结尾的词 加 -es class -- classes /’kla:siz/ box -- boxes /’ba:ksiz/ watch -- watches /’wa:tʃiz/ 在清辅音后面读/s/;在浊辅音和元音后读/z/;在/s/,/z/,/ʃ/,/tʃ/,/dʒ/等后读/Iz/ 读音 dish -- dishes /’diʃiz/ 以辅音字母加y结尾的单词 变y为i再加 -es family -- families /’fæməliz/ party -- parties /’pa:(r)tiz/ zoo -- zoos (动物园) 一般在词尾加“s”, photo -- photos (照片) 词尾读音 /z/ 以 o 结尾的名词 但个别加 “es” potato -- potatoes (土豆) tomato -- tomatoes (西红柿) leaf -- leaves (树叶) 词尾读音 /vz/ 以 f或 fe 结尾的词 变f或 fe 为 ves knife -- knives ( 小刀) life -- lives (生命) 不规则名词复数的变化
① man --- men (男人) woman --- women (女人) child --- children (儿童)
mouse --- mice(老鼠) tooth ---teeth (牙齿) foot --- feet (脚) ② 名词单复数形式一样
sheep --- sheep (绵羊) deer --- deer (鹿) people --- people (人、人们) fish --- fish (鱼) Japanese --- Japanese (日本人) Chinese --- Chinese (中国人) ③ 含有man woman修饰的复合名词词组,变复数时两个都要变为复数。
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例:man teacher--- men teachers(男教师) woman doctor--- women doctors(女医生) (2) 常见不可数名词分类 物质类 学科类 运动类 抽象类
bread, milk, rice, water 如何表达不可数名词的“量”: Chinese, English, math 借助于“a/an+量词+of”的结构,变复数时把量词改为复数即可 swimming, dancing, fishing 如: a cup of tea→two cups of tea joy, love, beauty, sad 12
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