非谓语动词

非谓语动词包括动名词、分词和不定式，没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，也可以和助动词结合构成进行时、完成时和被动语态。

考点一 不定式

1．不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。

My father asked me not to read in bed. 爸爸告诉我不要在床上读书。

2．不定式的句法作用

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 (1)作主语

动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，It＋be＋形容词＋(for sb.)＋动词不定式。 It's important (for us) to protect the environment. 对我们来说)保护环境是很重要的。

注：当在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。

It's very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦

(2)作宾语

①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。

wuld you like to see a film this evening? 想去看电影吗？

②在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。 I find it easy to read English every day. 每天读英语很容易。 (3)宾语补足语

动词不定式作宾补时，与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。 ucy asked him to turn down the radio. 要他关小收音机的音量。 (4)作定语

动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 have a lot of homework to do. 许多家庭作业要做。 (5)作状语

Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.(目的) 太太去上海看她女儿。 We're glad to meet you here. (原因) 很高兴在这儿见到你。 He is too tired to work on.(结果) 累了而不能继续工作。

3．不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。

They told us not to play basketball too long. 告诉我们不要玩太长时间篮球。

4．不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。

He didn't know where to go. (where to go＝where he should go)他不知道去哪里。

考点二 动名词

动名词由“动词原形＋­ing”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。 1． 作主语

Eating too much is bad for your health. 得太多对身体健康有害。

注：动名词和动词不定式作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定

式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。

2．作表语 mother's job is raising chicken. 母亲的工作是养鸡。

3．作宾语 n't mind listening to that story again. 不介意再听一遍那个故事。 4．作定语

Let's join the singing group. 我们加入合唱队吧。

5．其后常接动名词的动词及动词词组有finish，enjoy，practice，understand，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，admit，be worth，have difficulty/problems/trouble/fun，waste time，can't help/can't stop，be used to(习惯于)等。

其后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词有love，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，need，allow，go on等。

介词后接动名词的动词短语有keep...from，stop...from，make a contribution to，look forward to，spend...(in)，be afraid of，be proud of，be used for，feel like，give up，be interested in，put off等。 6．当need，require，want作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式。

The window needs cleaning. The window needs to be cleaned.那扇窗户需要被清洗。

7．不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词。

Weihai is a good place to live in. 是一个居住的好地方。

考点三 分 词

1.分词的构成

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词＋­ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词＋­ed”，但也有不规则的形式。 2．分词的句法功能

注：现在分词表示“令人„„的”，主语一般是物；过去分词表示“感到„„的”，主语一般是人。 He is surprised to hear the news. 听到那个消息感到很吃惊。 The news is surprising.那个消息令人吃惊。 辨析：

(1)有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有差别。

stop to do sth.停下来去做某事① stop doing sth.停止做某事Stop thinking，please.请停止思考。

Stop to_think about it for a moment.停下来想一会儿。

remember to do sth.记住要做某事动作未发生② remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事动作已发生I remember posting your letter. 得把你的信寄出去了。(信已寄出) Please remember to_post my letter. 记住把我的信寄出去。(信尚未寄出) forget to do sth.忘记做某事动作未发生 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事动作已发生

I forgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。(没带作业) I forgot bringing my homework. 忘记已把作业带来了。(作业已带来) try to do sth.努力去做某事④ try doing sth.试着去做某事

He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话。 Please try to do better next time. 下次设法做得更好些。

⑤

go on to do sth.做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事 go on doing sth.继续不停地做某事

Go on to do the other exercise after you finish this one. 这个练习题后，接着做另一个练习题。 Go on doing the exercise after a short rest. 息一会儿之后继续做练习。

allow doing sth.允许做某事⑥ allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事We don't allow smoking here. 们不允许在这儿吸烟。

We don't allow students to go out on school days. 学时，我们不允许学生外出。

(2)现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别。

常见的动词如see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等，它们接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。

I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行) I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已结束)

(3)现在分词与过去分词的区别。

①在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。

the surprising news令人惊讶的消息 a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人

②在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。

the developing country 发展中国家 the developed country发达国家

(4)易混句式have sb.do sth.，have sb.doing sth.和have sth.done的区别。 ①have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。

The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。 ②have sb.doing sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing)这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义。

The two men had the boy running all night long. 两个人让这个男孩跑了一夜。 ③have sth. done意为“让某人做某事”，即ask sb.else to do sth.。过去分词(done)这个动作由他人(即非主语本身)来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。

The driver had his car washed once a week.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。

1．(2013·大庆)—Why do we eat vegetables every day, Mum? —________ healthy, my dear. A．To keep B．Keep C．Keeping D．Kept

2．Try to sing more English songs，and you will find it interesting ________a foreign language. A．learning B．learns C．learn D．to learn

3. (2013·青岛)—Excuse me. Could you please tell me________ my car? —Sure. Park it right here. I'll help you. A．how to stop B．where to park C．where to stop D．when to park 4．(2013·宜宾)—Would you mind________ in the dining hall? —Of course not.

A．not to smoke B．not smoking C．smoke D．not smoke 5. (2013·上海)The retired couple enjoy________ photos. They always go out with their cameras. A．take B．took C．to take D．Taking 6. Mr. Li asks the students ________ in the river, because it's too dangerous.

A．swim B．to swim C．not to swim D．to not swim

7．(2013·济南)It was time for class. Mr. King asked all the children________ down quietly. A．sit B．sat C．to sit D．Sitting 8．At last the boy was made ________and began to laugh.

A．stop crying B．to stop to cry C．to stop crying D．stop to cry 9. (2013·衢州)Many children are left alone in the countryside. Let's try our best________ them. A．help B．helping C．to help D．Helps

10．The new treatments ________by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers. A．invent B．invents C．inventing D．Invented

11．(2013·滨州) —Would you like________ camping with me? —I'd like to. But I'm busy________ my homework. A．to go; to do B．to go; doing C．going; to do D．going; doing 12．Whenever you have a chance ________English，you should take it.

A．speak B．to speak C．spoke D．Speaks 13．—It's a fine day today. How about ________？—Sounds great!

A．go hiking B．go to hike C．going hiking D．to go to hike 14．Stop ________ about the traffic. Just think about what we can do to improve it.

A．complain B．to complain C．complaining D．Complained 15. ________ a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer. A．To find B．Find C．To write D．Write 17．You had better ________because you have to drive back home.

A．not drinking B．not drink C．don't drink D．not to drink

18．—Why don't you go out to play, Rose? —I'm afraid I can't. I have much homework ________. A．do B．does C．doing D．to do

19．(2013·泰安)—Why is Linlin practicing speaking English?—________ abroad for further study. A．Go B．Gone C．To go D．Goes

20．The doctor did what he could ________ the girl who was badly hurt in the accident. A．save B．saving C．to save D．Saves 21．Danny did all kinds of things to make his sister ________.

A．to stop crying B．stop crying C．to stop to cry D．stop to cry 22．(2013·嘉兴)—I'm new here.—Don't worry. I'll do what I can________ you. A．help B ．to help C．invite D．to invite

23．You need to take notes at the meeting so make sure ________ a pen and some paper with you. A．bring B．bringing C．to bring D．not bring

24．(2013·雅安)—Can you finish________ these books before 10 o'clock?—Yes, I can. A．to read B．read C．reads D．Reading

25．—How about going shopping this weekend, Peter?—Sorry.I prefer________ rather than________.

A．to stay at home; go out B．to go out; stay at home C．staying at home; go out D．going out; stay at home 26. (2013·上海)Even Tony's granddaughter, a five­year­old girl, asked him________ smoking. A．give up B．gave up C．to give up D．giving up

27．(2013· 广州)I always tell my students________ on the road because it's really dangerous. A．not to play B．to play not C．not playing D．not play 28．(2013·十堰)How kind you are! You always do what you can________ others. A．help B．helping C．helps D．to help

29．(2013·重庆)He lost his key. It made him________ in the cold to wait for his wife's return. A．to stay B．stayed C．stays D．Stay 30．Xiao Li said she would rather________ join us.

A．did not B．to not C．not D．not to

31．(2013·乌鲁木齐)Why not________ your teacher for help when you can't finish________ the story by yourself. A．to ask; write B．to ask; writing C．ask; writing D．asking; to write

32．—I'm very tired these days because of studying for physics.—Why not________ music? It can make you________. A．listen to; relaxing B．to listen to; to relax C．listening to; relax D．listen to; relax 33．(2013· 福州)—Nick, would you mind________ out of the bathroom?—Sorry. I won't be long. A．come B．to come C．Coming

34．Please don't forget________ the room while I am away in Beijing. A．clean B．to clean C．cleaned D．Cleaning

35．(2013·无锡)Don't throw away the waste paper. It needs________ so that it can be reused. A．to destroy B．Destroying C．to collect D．Collecting 37．The peaceful music in the CD made the students ________ relaxed.

A．feel B．feels C．felt D．to feel 40．He often tells me________ too much time________ computer games.

A．to not spend; play B．not to spend; play C．to not spend; playing D．not to spend; playing