非谓语动词

种类：不定式，分词和动名词；

功能：主语、定语、宾语、状语等的用法；

要点：非谓语动词完成式，分词独立主格结构及特别规定用法。 Sb face sth. Sb. is faced with

The room facing the garden

With so..students satring at me, I was too .. to .. If it was the case I. 不定式

1. 在need, want, require, deserve等词后表示被动意义时，不定式用被动形式，动名词做宾语用主动形式。

eg. The job wants to be done with great care. = The job wants doing with great car

2. 非谓语所修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语时，如果不定式属于不及物动词，或由于意义和结构上的需要，后面须加介词。 eg. Could you find someone for me to play tennis with?

We have various pictures for you to choose from; you can select the one that is

most to your taste.

3. 不定式完成时表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 He is supposed to have left for Italy last week. 4. 不定式 to的省略

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①do nothing/anything but后面接不带的不定式。eg. I can do nothing but watch TV. ②在had better/best; had/would rather(sooner)等结构中。

eg. He would rather/sooner read than talk. = He prefers reading to talking. ③ 用在五官感觉动词或使役动词之后做宾补时。常用的五官感觉动词有：see,

watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, feel, perceive等。常用的使役动词有：make, have, let等。 Have sth done Have sb do sth

Have sb. done : I will have you arrested.

注：a) 感觉、使役动词用于被动态时，后面不定式的符号 to 不能省略。

eg. He was seen to drive off.

b)feel 之后的宾补是不定式时，不定式符号to 不能省略。 eg. We all felt the plan to be unwise.

④ 用在某些习语中，如 may/might as well, cannot (help) but等。 eg. You may/might as well come with me. I cannot but laugh. 用在why, why not结构之后。

eg. Why waste a lot of time on things that have no importance?

Why not start at once?

⑤ 当句子里包含有实义动词do时，用在介词but, except等之后的不定式符号通

常省略。

eg. I’ll do anything but work on a farm.

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注：如果句子里不包含实义动词do 而是其他动词时，则不能省略。 eg. I had no choice but to run away.

⑥ 当主语是一个分句同时包含有实义动词do时，做表语的不定式可以省略其符

号to。

eg. All I had to do is (to) come here.

注：如果主语部分不包含实义动词do时，则不能省略。 eg. His wish is to visit the Great Wall some day.

I. 动名词

1. 只能带动名词做宾语的动词或动词短语有：acknowledge, admit, anticipate,

appreciate, avoid, cannot help, cannot stand, consider, delay, deny, dislike, don’t mind, ensure, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, include, involve, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practice, quit, resent, risk, suggest, understand等。

eg. Building that railway was very difficult and involved digging ten tunnels. That young man still denies having started the fire behind the store.

2. 只能跟动名词不能跟不定式做宾语的短语有：be accustomed to, be used to, be attached to（深爱）, be opposed to, be up to, confess to=admit to , contribute to, resort to（依靠,求助于）, yield to, feel like, give up, look forward to, object to, put off, take to（开始从事，喜欢）等。

eg. She was so angry that she felt like throwing something at him.

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3. 动名词的惯用句型有：

① There is no point/need/sense/gain in + v-ing ② cannot help + v-ing ③ It is no use/good + v-ing ④ What/How about + v-ing ⑤ be worth + v-ing ⑥ be busy (in) + v-ing ⑦ On/upon + v-ing

eg. On hearing the news, I changed my plans.

⑧ have difficulty/trouble/fun/a good(bad)time (in) + v-ing ⑨ spend/waste time (in) + v-ing

4. 下列常用动词接不定式或动名词均可，但意义不同。 ① chance to do: 碰巧做某事

chance doing: 冒险试试，碰碰运气

② forget to do: （表示将来的动作）忘记要做某事 forget doing: （表示过去的动作）忘了曾做过某事 ③ mean to do: 打算做某事 mean doing: 意味着，意思是

④ regret to do: 对现在要做的事表示抱歉、遗憾 regret doing: 对已做过的事表示后悔

⑤ remember to do: （表示过去的动作）记得曾做过某事

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remember doing: （表示将来动作）别忘了做某事 ⑥ try to do: 努力（设法）去做某事 try doing: 试试某种做法 ⑦ want to do: 很想做某事

want doing:（主动形式表被动意义）需要做某事 ⑧ stop to do: 停下手上的事而去做另一件事情 stop doing: 停止做某事

5. There being + n. 结构。 这是there be的分词复合结构。名词是being 的逻辑

主语。这种结构常在句中作原因状语。

eg. There being no money left, we have to change our plan. 3. 分词

(1) 作定语：现在分词表示主动和正在进行，过去分词表示被动和完成。

If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one ________.

a. to correct b. correcting c. having corrected d. being corrected As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported school must be established in every town ______ 50 households or more. a. having b. to have c. to have had d. having had

The speaker, ______ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the

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audience.

a. having known b. being known c. knowing d. known

Homework _______ on time will lead to better grades.

a. done b. be done c. having done d. to have been done

2.作状语: 时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随等。

________ such a good chance, he planned to learn more. (原因)

a. To be given b. Having been given c. Having given d. Giving

This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, ______ both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil. （伴随）

a. being b. been c. to be d. having been

He wasn’t appointed chairman of the committee, ________ not very popular with all its members.（原因） a. to be considered b. considering c. being considered d. having considered

________ neglecting our education, my father sent my brother and me to a summer school. （原因）

a. Accused of b. Accusing of c. That he was accused of d. To be accused of ________ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.(方式) a. To look at b. Looking at c. Looked at d. To be looked at

________ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling $21,000. （原因）

a. To be judged the best b. Having judged the best c. Judged the best d. Judging the best

Note: 带主语的现在分词和过去分词短语（分词的独立主格结构）

分词的一般形式在句中作状语，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，但如果分词（短语）的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，就要在分词前加一个名词或代词作逻辑主语，构成分词独立主格结构。独立主格结构要用逗号和句子隔开。如果逻辑主语与分词之间是主动关系，用v.-ing现在分词；如果逻辑主语与分词之间是被动关系，

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用v.-ed过去分词。

独立主格结构的选择题常常是这样设计的：题句中两个部分各有主语，但用逗号分开，中间无任何连接词。在这种情况下，除了从意义的逻辑关系来判断，还可以作如下分析：首先这不是一个并列句或从属句，因为这两个部分必须用连接词连接。在没有连接词的情况下，当其中一部分为一个完整的句子，另一部分不能单独成句时，我们把这一部分称为独立主格结构。有时这种分词独立主格结构可用with引出，即

with +名词/代词+ v.-ing/v.-ed 形式。

The speech ______, a lively discussion started.

a. being delivered b. was delivered c. be delivered d. having been delivered Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper ______ it closely. a. followed b. following c. to follow d. being followed Maggie ran back to the kitchen, eggs ________ carefully in her hands. a. were held b. to be held c. held d. holding

________, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.

a. Other things being equal b. Were other things equal c. To be equal to other things d. Other things to be equal All things _______, the planned trip will have to be called off.

a. considered b. be considered c. considering d. having considered After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _______ to go to school.

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a. to be encouraged b. being encouraged d. been encouraged d. be encouraged The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _______ on benches, chairs or boxes.

a. having seated b. seating c. seated d. having been seated

3．作宾语补足语：在vt +名词/代词+ v.-ing/v.-ed结构中，v.-ing/v.-ed 为宾语补足语。v.-ing表示动作的进行，v.-ed表示动作的完成和被动。

When I caught him ________ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. a. cheat b. cheating c. to cheat d. to be cheating The children went there to watch the iron tower________ .

a. to erect b. to erected c. erecting d. being erected You will see this product _______ wherever you go.

a. to be advertised b. advertised c. advertise d. advertising Don’t get your schedule _______; stay with us in this class. a. to change b. changing c. changed d. change

4.作表语：

The house was very quiet, _______ as it was on the side of a mountain.

a. isolated b. isolating c. being isolated d. having been isolated

These surveys indicated that many crimes go ________ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them. a. unrecorded b. to be recorded c. unrecording d. to have been unrecorded

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