大学英语四级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷35(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷35 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有： 4. Reading Comprehension

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section C

The common cold is the world’ s most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病)that flesh receives. The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes. During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches, cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp, naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose. If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on. No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片)such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.

1． The author cites the Eskimos not suffering from common colds forever to indicate______.

A．common colds are more severe than other plagues

B．viruses passing from person to person are the factors causing common colds C．common colds are full of myth D．the idea that cold leads to colds

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。题目考查的是对细节的推断。文章第二段说到，对于感冒，

最普遍的谬论是感冒是由寒冷引起的，后面说感冒是由人与人之间传播的病毒导致的，“Ifcold causes colds．it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from themforever．”可推断，作者的意思是，如果寒冷可以造成感冒，那一直忍受寒冷的爱斯基摩人一定会一直都在感冒。即用这个例子验证寒冷不会引起感冒．感冒是由病毒的传播所导致。故选B。 知识模块：仔细阅读

2． Which of the following does not agree with the passage? A．The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time. B．Colds are not caused by cold.

C．People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.

D．A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.

正确答案：C 解析：细节题。爱斯基摩人不会一直感冒，且感冒不是由寒冷引起的，故A、B与文章相符。文章第二段提到生活在北极圈与世隔绝的人们一直都不会得感冒．直到他们与感染了感冒病毒的人接触。故可知D与文章相符。对于C，作者在倒数第二段中说冬天感冒人多的原因是冬天人们更愿意一起待在屋里，这样感冒病毒很容易在人与人之间传播，而单纯地待在屋里不会得感冒，故C错误。 知识模块：仔细阅读

3． Arctic explorers may catch colds when______. A．they are working in the isolated arctic regions B．they are writing reports in terribly cold weather

C．they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions D．they are coming into touch again with the outside world

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据第二段结尾。“And in isolated arctic regions explorers havereported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people fromthe outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes．”可知他们只会在与外界感染感冒的人相接触才会被感染。故选D。 知识模块：仔细阅读

4． Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit______.

A．all suffered from cold and wet B．never caught colds C．caught colds easily

D．all caught colds because of the harsh environment

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。本题的考点在第四段，根据描述，这些志愿者在洗完热水澡后，穿上泳衣，在自己身上浇凉水，然后站在通风的房间里，还有些人穿着湿袜子，站在雨中，以检测他们会不会得感冒。结果证明所有人都没有得感冒，直到

他们接触了病毒。故B、C、D错误，只有A正确。 知识模块：仔细阅读

5． The passage mainly discusses______. A．the experiments on the common cold B．the cures about the common cold C．why and how people catch colds

D．the continued spread of common colds

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查对文章主旨大意的掌握。通读文章。作者一直在谈人们为什么会得感冒和得感冒的途径，故C正确。A只说到了实验，不全面。B和D文章没有提及。 知识模块：仔细阅读

New research has found that those who work 11-hour days or more increase their chance of a heart attack by two thirds. If you’re about to embark on your usual 12-hour day at the office, you might want to pause a while—a few hours, actually. A study has found that those who spend more than 11 hours at work increase their chance of having a heart attack by two thirds. The team from University College London looked at more than 7,000 civil servants working in Whitehall over a period of 11 years and established how many hours they worked on average a day. They also collected information including the condition of their heart from medical records and health checks. Over the period, a total of 192 had suffered a heart attack. Then the study was published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine, reporting that those who worked more than 11 hours a day were 67 percent more likely to have one than those who had a “nine to five” job. Professor Mika Kivimki, who led the study, said: “We have shown that working long days is associated with a remarkable increase in risk of heart disease. Considering that including a measurement of working hours in a GP interview is so simple and useful, our research presents a strong case that it should become standard practice. This new information should help improve decisions regarding medication for heart disease.” “It could also be a wake-up call for people who over-work themselves, especially if they already have other risk factors,” Professor Kivimki added. Around 2.6 million Britons have heart disease, where the organ’ s blood supply is blocked by the build-up of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries(冠状动脉). It is the nation’s biggest killer, claiming 101,000 lives in this country every year. Heart attacks occur when a coronary artery becomes completely blocked; if the blood supply is not restored, the section of the heart being supplied by the artery will die.

6． Scientists who take part in the experiment use some methods to get results EXCEPT______.

A．data collection B．medical check

C．sample observation

D．questionnaire

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。在第二段中，作者先后提到了观察、数据采集、医学检查等，而questionnaire不包括在研究范围中，故选D。 知识模块：仔细阅读

7． What is true about the study?

A．The findings of the study have not been published.

B．The experiment was conducted in University College London. C．People who work longer hours have a higher risk of heart disease. D．The civil servants have worked for over 11 years.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。在第二段中，作者说到，“the study was published in the journalAnnals of Internal Medicine”，与A相反。“the team from University College Londonlooked at more than 7,000 civil servants working in Whitehall”，B中，实验不是在这里做的，而是来自这里的研究员做的。由“looked at more than 7，000 civil servantsworking in Whitehall over a period of 11 years”。可知是研究员观察这些公务员11年，而不是公务员在白宫工作了11年，D错误。故选C。 知识模块：仔细阅读

8． According to the passage, what is Professor Kivimki’ s view on his study? A．He remains modest about the result of his study.

B．The study will provide some useful information for the medical field. C．The study is perfect that no further research is needed.

D．Longer working hours is a heart attack causing factor that no one noticed before.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。由第三段，在“Considering that including a measurement of workinghours in a GP interview is so simple and useful．our research presents a strong case that itshould become standard practice．”可知教授对于这个研究非常自信。故A错误。C、D在文中没有提及。由“This new information should help improve decisions regardingmedication for heart disease，”可知这项研究可为今后心脏病的治疗提供依据，故B正确。 知识模块：仔细阅读

9． What is NOT true about the heart attack?

A．The fatty deposits which blocked cause the heart attack. B．The coronary arteries are blocked.

C．Once theblood supply restored, the section of the heart being supplied will work again

D．When heart attack occurs, the blood cannot go through the vessel.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。由“the organ’s blood supply is blocked by the build-up of fattydeposits in the coronary arteries”．“Heart attacks occur when a coronary artery becomescompletely blocked；if the blood supply is not restored，the section of the heart beingsupplied by the artery will die．”可知脂肪沉积物会堵塞血管，而心脏病发作时，冠状血管被完全堵住，如果血液供给不能恢复，这段血管所供给的心脏就会死去。故A、B、D正确。而C中的逻辑和文中不同，其所说的“一旦恢复供血，这段心脏会继续工作”的说法文中没有提及。 知识模块：仔细阅读

10． The passage mainly discusses______. A．how does the heart attacks occur B．the experiment on heart disease

C．more and more people are suffering from heart attack D．long time working increases the risk of heart disease

正确答案：D

解析：主旨题。文中，作者首先介绍了一个关于工作与心脏病的研究，包括研究的背景、方法、过程和结果。而后在文章最后一段，作者介绍现在心脏病发病的情况和心脏病发作的原理。这些研究都在证实一个事实，即：长时间的工作增加患心脏病的风险。故A、B、C的描述都不全面。只有D，“长时间工作增加心脏病发病率”最全面，是文章主要讨论的内容，故为本题答案。 知识模块：仔细阅读

With 10,600 bicycles in circulation, Paris city officials are hoping the program will provide people with more environmentally friendly transportation. It seems both Parisians and tourists are taking advantage of the program. Since its launch a little over two weeks ago, Velib has already seen almost half a million rentals. And, with the addition of 10,000 more bikes and 700 more stations in the next 12 months, city officials expect at least 200,000 regular users by year end. Parisian Olivier Bioret has already gone for a spin on one of Velib’ s vehicles and plans to make use of them more often. “It’s a real pleasure—when, like me, you don’t have space enough in your flat to have your own bike—to be able to discover, to cross Paris and not have to take the subway,” he said. As a socialist and longtime green activist, Mayor Bertrand Delanoe regards Velib as just a part of his plan to reduce car traffic and, thus, lower pollution by 2020. Apart from its environmental benefits, Velib is also being praised as a way of collecting money for the city, for all the money from rentals goes to the city government. Paris is not alone in its attempt to profit from the power of the bicycles. Across the globe, cities such as Barcelona, which stated its bike-share program in March with 1,500 vehicles and 100 stations, and New York, which launched a five-day trial program last month, are using bicycles as a way to cut back on both traffic and pollution. However, it remains to be seen whether people’ s acceptance of these programs is simply a passing fashion or whether this movement has the power to take root and transform the face of public transportation around the world.

11． The real purpose of Velib is______. A．to help people save money and space

B．to make some money for the city government

C．to provide convenience to both Parisians and tourists D．to reduce traffic and pollution in the city

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。通过第一段，“Paris city officials are hoping the program will providepeople with more environmentally friendly transportation．”即巴黎市政府希望这个项目可以为人们提供更环保的交通工具。由此可知，Velib的真正目的在于减少城市交通量和污染，故选D。另外第四段“Mayor Bertrand Delanoe regards Velib as just apart of his plan to car traffic and thus lower pollution by 2020”．市长Bertrand Delanoe认为Velib是他缓解汽车交通计划的一部分，这样的话，到2020年可以降低污染。 知识模块：仔细阅读

12． According to the passage, what is TRUE about the program? A．In this program, people rent bicycles.

B．People will abandon it after 12 months novelty. C．It merely contributes to the environment. D．It is exclusive to local residents.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。由第二段“Velib has already seen almost half a million rentals．And．with the addition of 10，000 more bikes and 700 more stations in the next 12 months．cityofficials expect at least 200，000 regular users by year end．”即Velib已经接收到了50万的租金，正在准备增加自行车和车站的数量，希望年底可以有20万的固定用户，故A正确，B错误。由第四段“Velib is also being praised as a way of collecting moneyfor the city，for all the money from rentals goes to the city government．”可知这个项目还对政府财政收入也有帮助，故C错误。由第二段第一句“It seems both Parisiansand tourists are taking advantage of the program．”可知本地人和游客都可以在项目中受益，故D错误。 知识模块：仔细阅读

13． Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．There will be 700 stations in one year’s time. B．There will be over 20,000 bikes in use in a year.

C．In the first two weeks there were nearly a million rentals. D．There will be 200,000 regular rentals each day by year end.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。第二段中说，这个项目在两周之前开始，Velib已经收到了50万的租金。正在准备在未来12个月，新增10 000辆自行车和700个车站，希望年底可以有20万的固定用户。A中应该是新增700。B正确。C项数字错误。

D项是20万的固定用户，而不是租金。故选B。 知识模块：仔细阅读

14． We can know from the passage that_____. A．Cities in other countries also have such programs B．Parisians can use the bicycles free of charge C．Paris sets an example to many other cities D．Paris is the first city to start such a program

正确答案：A

解析：推断题。由倒数第二段的“Paris is not alone in its attempt to profit from thepower of the bicycles…”可知除了巴黎，有很多国家的城市也开始从自行车上获利，A正确，C、D错误。根据第二段中Velib收到的租金可以看出这项业务是要收费的，故B错误。故选A。 知识模块：仔细阅读

15． As to the future of the program, the author is_____. A．critical B．optimistic C．uncertain D．negative

正确答案：C

解析：态度题。作者在文章的前半部分一直在介绍这个项目，但是在最后，作者用However引起转折，提出了自己的看法，不知道这个项目今后是否会在城市中站稳，改造公共交通。可见作者对这个项目不是很确定。故选C。 知识模块：仔细阅读

Tall men are more likely to have children than their vertically challenged friends because women find height attractive, a new study shows. The preference may be putting evolutionary pressure on men, even today. In an earlier study, evolutionary psychologist Robin Dunbar of the University of Liverpool decided to find out which attributes men and women like in their partners. He noticed that men only put their height in their ads if they are tall. “Men never say ‘ I’ m a 5-foot-2 Danny DeVito look-alike’,” says Dunbar. “You only advertise things that are advantageous.” If tall men are truly more attractive to women, Dunbar reasoned, they might have more children than short men. To test this, he teamed up with two colleagues in the Polish city of Wroclaw. Together they examined the medical records of more than 4,400 healthy men aged 25 to 60 who were given compulsory medical examinations in Wroclaw between 1983 and 1989. The team noted the men’s heights and whether they had children. They then adjusted the figures to account for factors such as the trend for people to be taller the more recently they were born, due to improving diet and healthcare. The results showed childless men were on average significantly shorter than men with one or more children. This confirms that women prefer taller men, says Dunbar. And the finding was backed by another feature of the Wroclaw men: bachelors were shorter than their married counterparts.

There may be several reasons why women prefer tall men. Society generally associates lofty men with wealth, success and good health. But the fact that the effect is so prominent suggests to Dunbar that the preference is indeed programmed into women’ s genes. This might date back to a time when tall men in hunting societies were stronger and genetically, better equipped for the struggle to survive. Dunbar hopes his study will persuade scientists that sexual selection influences behavior. “In the social sciences, people seem very reluctant to believe that evolutionary principles guide human behavior at all. It must help to turn the tide.” “It’s an interesting study that suggests many more questions,” says Robert Barton, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Durham. For example, does the same effect occur in different cultures? Other research suggests extreme height is unattractive to women, which may explain why evolution has not stretched the height gap between the sexes further. “Clearly, something has limited that process,” Barton says.

16． According to the passage, we can obtain that______. A．short men are more attractive to most women B．tall men thought their height is their advantage C．short men tend to not advertise themselves

D．women only pay attention to the heights in men’ s advertisements

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。本文讲了个子高的男士对女士更有吸引力。由文中第二段“menonly put their height in their ads if they are tall”，可知个子高的男士比较喜欢把身高放在广告里，即他们认为这是他们的优势，故A错误，B正确。C的逻辑和原文并不相符，个子矮的男士只是不喜欢把身高放进广告里。D文中没有提及。故选B。 知识模块：仔细阅读

17． What is the purpose of Robin Dunbar’s study in Wroclaw? A．To help the medical world to advance.

B．To find out why some men choose to remain single.

C．To see whether tall men are really more likely to have children. D．To see what factors enable men to be taller today.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。与之有关的是第三段，Dunbar说，如果个高的男士真的更吸引女士，那么他们应该比个矮的男士有更多的孩子。因此他设计了下面的调查。故研究的目的是为了看个高的男士是不是更容易有孩子。故选C。 知识模块：仔细阅读

18． Dunbar mentioned his finding “bachelors in Wroclaw were shorter than their married counterparts” to prove that______.

A．shorter men don’ t like to attract women B．shorter men are out of the sight of women

C．shorter men don’ t like to have children D．shorter men are less attractive to women

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。第五段的内容是，结果显示，没孩子的男士平均身高比有一个或更多孩子的男士身高明显要低。这验证了女士喜欢个高的男士，其后Dunbar举了这个例子，都是为了说明个高的男士更吸引女士，反之亦然。选项中A、C没有提及，B过于绝对。故选D。 知识模块：仔细阅读

19． According to Robin Dunbar’ s theory, women prefer tall men because______.

A．tallness is generally associated with wealth, success and health B．taller men have better chance to survive C．taller men live longer than the shorter men D．tall men have better genes

正确答案：B 解析：细节题。在文中的倒数第三段中提到了这个问题，“This might date back toa time when tall men in hunting societies were stronger and genetically，better equippedfor the struggle to survive．”即个高的男士在以前狩猎时期更强壮．基因上更容易存活。故选B。 知识模块：仔细阅读

20． The best title for this passage is______. A．Height And Attractiveness

B．Comparison Between Tall Men And Short Men C．The Higher, the Better D．Tall Men Are Wealthier

正确答案：A 解析：主旨题。文章一直在介绍男士身高对于女士吸引度的研究。研究表明，女士更喜欢个高的男士，但是也不是越高越好。故选项中，B偏离主题，文章的目的不在于比较个高和个低的男士，D文章没有提及，C与文章不符。故选A。 知识模块：仔细阅读