物联网在智能交通中的应用英文版

(以论文、报告等形式考核专用)

二○ 一二 ～二○ 一三 学年度第 一 学期

课程编号

2313991504

课程名称

专业讲座

专业年级

主讲教师

代明军

评分

安令喆 2009130375

姓名

阳晨希 2009130379

学 号

叶宇昕 2009130404 教师评语： 2009级 通信工程

题目：

物联网在智能交通中的应用

【Abstract】 With the increasing traffic pressure in Shenzhen, the public transportation, as an important

part of urban transportation, carries on the responsibilities of relieving the transportation ingestion and raising the efficiency of traveling. The level of the development of public transportation not only embodies the image of Shenzhen, but also be related with every citizen.

Nowadays, the road network of Shenzhen has formed a net pattern with the several decades of building and improving. Because of the increasing urban population, the constitution of ITS has become the only way to sustain the Shenzhen's transportation. The ITS is the orientation of future transportation. It makes the traditional transmutation pattern more intelligent, safe, green and efficient by high technology.

The IOT, as an important part of a new generation information technology, connects anything into the internet, exchanges information and communicates according to formed protocol through the RFID ,GPS and other intonation sensing device. With the developing of IOT, there will give impetus to the development and improving of the ITS.

Based on previous background, we point out the problems and the weakness of the previous ITS, and then we discuss the significance of intelligent transportation structure which based on the circumstance of IOT.

After considering the existed problem, we point out the necessity of lead-in the IOT into intelligent transportation.

【Key Words】 Intelligent Transportation System; Internet of Things; System Architecture;

Evaluation.

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【摘要】在深圳交通压力日益增大的背景下,作为城市交通一个重要组成部分的公共交通自然承载着缓解交通拥堵，提高出行效率的重任。公共交通事业的发达程度不仅仅体现着深圳的城市形象,也和每一位出行的市民息息相关。

目前,深圳市道路网络经过几十年的建设和完善,基本形成了网状的道路结构。由于市区人口集聚进一步加剧,智能交通体系建设已成为深圳交通可持续发展的必由之路。智能交通将是未来交通的发展方向,它将通过高科技使传统的交通模式变得更加智能化,更加安全、节能、高效率。

物联网作为新一代信息技术的重要组成部分,通过射频识别,全球定位系统等信息感应设备,按照约定的协议,把任何物体与互联网相连,进行信息交换和通信。随着物联网技术的不断发展也为智能交通系统的进一步发展和完善注入了新的动力。

在以上研究背景下，我们提出了现有智能交通系统模式所存在的问题与不足，并探讨了研究物联网环境下智能交通系统模型与架构的意义；其次，通过分析现存问题，阐述智能交通系统引入物联网技术的必要性。

【关键字】智能交通系统; 物联网; 系统构架; 评估;

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Catalog

1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................1

1.1.

Background ..................................................................................................................1 1.1.1. 1.1.2. 1.2.

The socialize of auto development.........................................................................1 Constantly increase urbanization process................................................................1

The main idea and work of article ....................................................................................1

2. Internet Of Things ....................................................................................................................3

2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4.

RFID ...........................................................................................................................3 Sensor network technology .............................................................................................4 Intelligence technology ..................................................................................................4 Nanotechnology ............................................................................................................4

3. Intelligence transportation system ..............................................................................................5

3.1.

ITS is an integrated system .............................................................................................5 3.1.1. 3.1.2. 3.1.3. 3.1.4. 3.2.

System of controlling car .....................................................................................5 Transport monitor system .....................................................................................5 Carrier vehicle management system.......................................................................5 Travel information system ....................................................................................6

The three parts of ITS in our country................................................................................6 3.2.1 City intelligent transportation (CIT).............................................................................6 3.2.2 Inter-city intelligent transportation (IIT) .......................................................................6 3.2.3city railway intelligent (CRI) system.............................................................................6

4. Intelligent transportation structure under IOT ..............................................................................7

4.1 The network model of ITS under the circumstance of IOT .......................................................7 4.2 The structure of ITS in circumstance of IOT...........................................................................7

4.2.1 Sensing layer ............................................................................................................8 4.2.2 Network layer ...........................................................................................................8 4.2.3 Application layer .......................................................................................................8

5. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 10

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1. Introduction

1.1. Background

1.1.1. The socialize of auto development

Up to now, there are about 4 million cars in Shenzhen. Auto society has brought so many problems, such as traffic congestion, traffic accident, energy consumer and environment pollution. Because the great depression of economy which caused by traffic jam, even the country such as America and Japan, who has developed road facility, still have to use the manage way of caring both supply and demand instead of the way that just caring the demand of the people, to solve the crucial traffic problems. These industrial countries whose development are based on the auto’s support, are aimed to find a way that not only keep the socialization of automobile, but also solve the problem brought by traffic jam. They wish to get the help from modern technology to reach a final goal called” safety, efficiency, environment, keeping energy”. So the concept of ITS has already appeared.

1.1.2. Constantly increase urbanization process

Urbanization process will lead the development of intelligent transportation system:

1) Because of the process of urbanization, the transport facilities between city and city are in a great

need. Up to now, high-speed roads in china only cover the city which has more than 500000 people.

The cities that only have about 200000 people, only 60% of them have access to high-speed roads. The more investments have given to increase the density of high-speed road network, the more ITS will be in need.

2) With the increasing of urbanization process and the demand of car, the problems caused by traffic jam

become much more seriously. With the help of intelligent transportation, we can let the supplying

and demanding go to a balance situation. As we know that different cities have their own character. In our country, nearly almost cities’ structure have a concentration center and then spread to outside. The central business district have large density of population and people’s daily activities are also very frequently happen at there.

3) The demanding of city transportation system will still increase for many years. Intelligent

transportation will welcome a brilliant time during its development in china, which may bring positive result on three aspects----increasing the efficiency of transportation facilities, increasing service

quality of transportation system, conservation-minded society transportation system.

1.2. The main idea and work of article

The main target of article is to create the ITS model which under the circumstance of IOT, and make up a whole structure of ITS in new environment. First, sensing and sharing is the basic part of ITS. For

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example, vehicle information, cargo information, road situation all can be used in an integrate way. On the whole, in some realm, we can let one unit to guide the whole area, so that we can develop much easier. Because the disturb of technology, we cannot get enough information, the ITS in our country is only concerning about management of system. In order to guarantee the efficient work of the whole system, the necessary thing to our work is to create the newest sensors to our facilities and collect the information from these sensors easily and smoothly. The development of ITS in our country is point on the solution of application, but our technology still weak in communication at terminal part and in information collecting.

Based on the situation of nowadays’ ITS, we state out a model that based on the platform of IOT, so that it can help to share the information sources and let the subsystems work together.

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2. Internet of Things

Internet of things (IOT) is a concentrated network which contains five parts of information sensing devices--- sensor equipment, RFID equipment, laser monitor, GPS and laser scanner. IOT is aimed to create the connection between the network and things, so that we control the situation of the things like identifying the cargo, positioning, tracking, monitoring and triggering the event of the things automatically. As we know that there are two waves that pushed the world information industrial to go forward. They are the creation of computer and the connection of network. Now, the third wave also appears to us. It’s the IOT. After the appearing the concept of IOT, it has changed the people’s idea. In the past, we just took the physical facilities and IT facilities into two aspects, in one hand, we mean it the road, airport and architecture, in another hand, we mean it date center, personal computer and broadband. Nowadays, the two aspects come together, which means that the cement and chip concentrate together and we just call all of these in a same name--- infrastructure. Based on this concept, the world just like a big factory and economical management, production, social management and even individual life are all based on IOT. In 2005, the ITU published a report entitled “internet of things”, its first author, Laura, Srivastava said:” We are now standing at the entrance of a new era of communication, in this day and age, we know the Internet will be undergoing a fundamental change in the ITU report of Things. Internet is a connecting tool that builds the connection between human and things, it also create connection between different things.” There are four key technologies stated by ITU，tag things RFID, sensor network technology, smart technology nanotechnology and miniature things.

2.1. RFID

RFID is a non-contact automatic identification technology, automatic target recognition by the RF signal and access to relevant data. The recognition process can work in a variety of harsh environments and it does not need human to intervene. RFID technology can identify many tags that which have high speed and it is really easily and quickly to operate them. There are three technologies, RFID, internet and telecommunications, help to track and share the information in world range.

Most RFID system consists of 5 parts. Electronic tags, reader, antenna, middleware and application software. Now I will make a brief introduction to you about the 5 parts.

Electronic tags: the electronic tags was attached at the surface of the things which are used to identify the things, cause it is unique in the world, which means it is impossible to imitate by other.

Reader: read the equipment of the electronic tag information can be designed for handheld or fixed. Antenna: create the connection between the reader and electronic tags.

Middleware: a message oriented and can accept requests by the application software side.

Application software: to help the user complete the instruction of the reader and middleware’s logic set.

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2.2. Sensor network technology

Sensor is the name of a group of devices which can help us to collect information about force, light, electricity, voice and location, and it also play as a basic part of feed-back system. With the development of technology level, traditional sensor has gradually changed to the new hierarchy with the characters of miniature, intelligence, information and network.

Wireless sensor network is a compound network system, which based on the technologies of distribution information collection, information transportation and information processing, is an important technology that helps to keep the country’s safety and improve the economic growth. It is the sensors that covered all things in the world that help the IOT to sense the whole world.

2.3. Intelligence technology

Intelligence technology is way that using knowledge as a tool that helps to reach some anticipated targets. One of the key technologies of IOT is to embed intelligent system to the object and let it has a serious of intelligences, so that the object can positively or negatively communicate with the user. It contains 4 aspects, artificial intelligence, advanced human-machine communication technology, intelligent controlling technology and intelligent signal processing.

2.4. Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is the study of the structure size with the range of 0.1 to 100 nm. Nature of the material and application, the advantages of nanotechnology means that smaller and smaller objects in the internet of things which can interact and connect. Current treads in electronic technology devices and systems smaller, faster and cooler. Much faster means faster response speed, cooler refers to the power of a single device. But smaller is not without limits.

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3. Intelligence transportation system

ITS is a modern system with an integrated ability of transportation management. In this system, cars are drove by their own intelligence facilities, and the road can also use its own intelligence to adjust the transport situation, so that the managers can knowing the destination and the transport situation clearly. Traditionally, the management of transportation seems to be really spontaneous, which means that drivers should choose the proper road by their experience and by the judgment of themselves. The signal lights only stay in a static position and do not get much works. These situations lead to the poor efficiency of the transportation system and it may even lead to so many congestions in the city. However, being in different from the previous way, ITS collects the information of the car and the road, it uses the computer to choose the best road, so that the transport situation may become much better and we will not worry about the congestion in our way to anywhere.

3.1. ITS is an integrated system

3.1.1. System of controlling car

SCC is way that using the intelligence system to drive the car, which can take the place of the driver, so that the driver can do something else during that time. This system seems really good, it uses the sensing system, for example install some radar and laser sensors in the front and side of the car, to detect the position of the car and can easily let the car escaped from the obstacle. When we face some emergent thing during drive, the car computer can make alarm ring and slow down intelligently. When the transport situation changed, the system can also change the driver speed automatically. We just call this system “intelligent car”. Nowadays, there are more than 3000 companies to make the equipment of this system and it also create so many products such as automatic constant speed controller and

3.1.2. Transport monitor system

This system just like the flight controller in airport, it creates the communicating connection among the road, car, and the driver. It can let the driver know where has accident, which road has traffic jam and which way is the best.

3.1.3. Carrier vehicle management system

This system can let the control center to know the exact position of every car, because each car has already installed a GPS machine. So that with the help of the position information, the center can easily control the transport situation and let the system become much more powerful. Nowadays, the Paris and London have already used this system in taxi.

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3.1.4. Travel information system

This system is just for the people who travelling in an unfamiliar city, and it can give transport information via computer, television, telephone, wireless equipment, and the screen in the car. No matter where you are, you can get the information easily. With the help of this system, people can enlarge their sight and get much more information.

3.2. The three parts of ITS in our country

3.2.1 City intelligent transportation (CIT)

Because of the increasing of the transportation pressure, people know that we should using CIT system to solve the problem. In the system, it use the advanced information collecting system, date communication transportation technology, electronic controlling technology and computer processing technology to collect the information of the transport situation. Then the transportation controlling center can process the information and it use transportation controlling and transport organization optimize model to optimize the transport plan. After analyzing and processing the optimized transport plan and transportation service information, the center use date communication transportation technology to deliver the information to ultimate equipment and offering the service to the user. In this way, CIT system offer the 360 dimensions optimized management and control for the whole area’s transportation, and it can also give the users many helps about the transportation.

3.2.2 Inter-city intelligent transportation (IIT)

With the more and more investment giving on china high-speed road, the total length become longer, and we need to enlarge the facilities to manage the high-speed road, especially on the need of high-speed road’s information, monitoring and charging system. High-speed road intelligent transportation system is a synthesized, integrated system with information technology, date communication technology, electronic sensor technology, controlling technology, computer technology and transportation engineering in it. It contains three major parts, monitoring system, communicating system and charging system. In the late 20 years, there came up so many problems such as environmental problem, less efficiency of transportation and high reducing of energy. The proper way to solve these problems is to use the high-speed intelligent transportation system.

3.2.3city railway intelligent (CRI) system

City railway transportation has become a necessary part in public transportation system. Because the developed countries built their railway system much earlier than our country, they have already built a matured railway transportation system. Learning from the experience of developed countries we realize that enlarge the density of railway network can give us two benefits. First, it can help the development of city public transportation. Second, it can improve the usage of the land area, which means that we can let the city like a space structure with different kinds of public facilities in different space. CRI system is the forward position of international transportation area, it can let our country become less carbon economics and it can also improve the industrial competitiveness and give the development plan much rational. In a word, it is the path that can help the country to solve the problem of transportation.

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4. Intelligent transportation structure under IOT

4.1 The network model of ITS under the circumstance of IOT

Considering the function and usage of different layers, we use a three layers model to describe the structure of joint system. So that we classify the intelligent transportation system into 3 layer model, and introduce the function and character of this model from the perspective of system. Looking at the picture, you can know the model of intelligent transportation system.

First, the practical usage of IOT in ITS must base on some common infrastructures, such as, the signal sight, sensor nearby the road, terminal collector of information and road itself. Second, ITS which based on IOT is aimed to share the information entirely. In the whole system, the information will be shared between each small system and different system use microwave, satellite, internet or optical fiber to communicate with each other. In the same time, the network layer still has some other functions such as collecting, processing, storage the information and offering different information which depending on the need of different departments and different services. Third, application layer can be classified into two aspect, service application and feedback control. Service application is based on statistic professor system, such as arrangement of public automobile, on aid decision making like automatic navigating, and on adaptive processing like changing the time of traffic light. Considering the feedback control, it can offering different transportation information to different service realm, in the meantime, it can also enlarge its function by the service. All in all, ITS that based on IOT is an open network system. As the developing of technology and need of human, the function of three layer, information collecting of sensing layer, transporting and processing information in network layer, service range and its quality in application layer, will be improved.

4.2 The structure of ITS in circumstance of IOT

ITS is a complex and huge system with a lot of subsystems in it. The subsystems are integrated and can communicate with each other, so that they help the huge system to realize so many different functions. Under the circumstance of IOT, ITS has two important things to do, first, it needs to collect, transmit and

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process large quantity of static transportation information and some real time information; second, in order to improve the integrate operation of the management to human, road and car, ITS should focus on information transmission, information integration, information reconcile, information collection and the depth use and share of information.

As the ITS is based on the platform of information express way and transportation information system, it can help the human, transportation tools, transportation facilities and the circumstance of transportation to assemble together and can also help to improve the safety level of transportation system, transportation efficiency. Based on the analysis in the previous, advanced transportation information system is the basement of ITS.

4.2.1 Sensing layer

Sensing layer is position at the terminal of this system and it also is the basic use of the IOT in ITS. It offers information technique to the work and management in upper layer. Furthermore, it helps the whole transportation system to collect the traffic events and some other datagram. We can also classify the sensing layer into two different layers, data collecting layer and sensor network information co-work.

Data collecting layer contains 4 kinds of things about the transportation, physical information, marker, voice information and video datagram. Sensor, RFID, cargo coding, intelligent embedding and nanotechnology are all the basic technique of data collecting in IOT.

4.2.2 Network layer

The function of network layer in ITS is to realize the function of internet in a larger area and to send the information efficiently and safety, so we should combine the sensing network together with mobile telecommunication and internet technology.

Nowadays, the mobile telecommunication and internet technology have reached a high level and they can content the demand of the transportation in IOT information. The research in wireless network and industry professional network can help the development of transportation in IOT information and the reconcile in heterogeneous networks can help the IOT to make use of its network sources, so that it can let the idea of transporting the large information fast and safety come true. As the ITS need to mark, analysis the nods and manage the physical address of the terminal sensing network, the network layer of IOT needs to apply management to related information source and storage technique. M2M wireless access and remote control technique is used to realize the direct intelligent control of different things in IOT. The data information will be concentrated, processed and distributed, after these procedures they will be sent to related system ports, so that they can help the system to manage the transportation efficiently.

4.2.3 Application layer

Application layer sends the information that collected by sensing layer to ITS platform. Application layer point out some standard criteria about the ports in subsystems, so that these data ports can help to

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realize the function of information coordinating, sharing and interchange between different industries, applications and systems. Under the support of IOT’s data, the application layer of ITS can be classified into 4 models: transportation management system, user service system, transportation management system and transportation controlling system.

Transportation management system

Transportation management system contains 4 parts: transportation navigation, logistic management, environment management and public transportation service.

Transportation navigation use the information collected from the IOT and it analysis the situation and the position of the user, at last it comes up a plan or a decision for user.

Transportation management system is based on the regulation and coordinating the transportation event to improve the profit and delivering speed.

Environment management contains both IOT environment and transportation environment. The system use information collection and feedback management to realize the environment management.

User service system

This system can give online service to user, so that it can help the user to know the real time information about the traffic situation and it can also help the user finding a proper way to destination.

Transportation management system

Transportation management system contains 4 parts: transportation information integration management, automatic checking system, signal controlling system and police command system.

Transportation information integration management saves the historical information about transportation and uses this information to give a statistic conclusion about the transportation situation.

Automatic checking system based on transportation checking information, real time traffic stream information, transportation stream checking, gives the basic data to transportation management.

Signal controlling system contains transportation facilities management, transportation geography information, meteorology information and VIP service.

Police command system can use the service offered by sensing layer to detect and prevent the accident, so that this can help the related department goes to exact destination smoothly, which means that the department can reduce the cost.

Transportation controlling system

Feedback control is the necessary procedure to realize the real time information convey in transportation controlling system under ITS. Transportation decision supports transportation simulation, transportation information statistical analysis, transportation service management, transportation management command and dispatch and transportation guidance.

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5. Conclusion

The main idea of this article is aimed to research the usage of IOT in intelligent transportation. The research of this article can be listed in to 3 parts in the below:

1 Considering the situation of IOT, our research concludes an IOT structure model which faced on intelligent transportation system.

2 Based on the situation of intelligent transportation detecting system, in order to improve the accuracy of the information and enlarge the detecting area, how many sensor nods should be set.

3 In order to finish the monitoring of traffic information, we should learn the integrate and co-work of isomerism IOT system, so that we can let the distributed intelligent transportation detecting systems work together.

The innovation of this article:

1 We point out a structural model of intelligent transportation IOT. Based on this model, we design a topology and translation of network to let it have practical work.

2 After collecting the data and share the datagram, we build up a nod platform to collecting information, so that we can reduce the weakness of sensors, and it also co-work with information about traffic scene.

Look forward the future

After using the IOT in intelligent transportation area, we can collect variety of transportation information much faster and more accurately, and we can also enhance the connection between different departments in transportation and between the departments and human. We can also offering more useful information to the user about transportation, so that they can choose their path much brilliantly.

Maybe in the few years later, we may receive the notice delivered from ITS sensing center saying that, welcome to there, the weather at there is pretty good and there will not have any traffic jam, driving is so smooth at there. The toll station is 1Km away from there and you have to pay this express way for 10 yuan, and your card has little money, please recharge it soon. In the notice, you will also know that in this express, the limit speed is 60 Km/h and your destination will be 20 Km away from there, which will take you 20 minutes to arrive there.

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