小学英语语法及习题 一、名词复数规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5．不规则名词复数：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this ___________her
______
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______
paper_______ juice___________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________ 二、一般现在时
一般现在时基本用法介绍 【No. 1】一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如： We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加\"-s\"或\"-es\"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。
否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。
否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：
I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否
定句。如：
He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：
- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：
- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work? 动词+s的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 一般现在时用法专练:
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make
________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. －What day _______(be) it today? － It’s Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)
___________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
___________________________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _______________________________________________________
6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________
7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________
9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? __________________ 2. Does he likes going
fishing? __________________ 3. He likes play games after class. __________________ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us
English. __________________ 5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________ 三、现在进行时
1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词 + be + 动词ing? 动词加ing的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping 现在进行时专项练习： 一、写出下列动词的现在分词： play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come
________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换：
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3．I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)
_________________________________________________________________
4．Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问) 四、将来时
一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year„),soon,
the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本结构：①be going to + do； ②will+ do.
三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。 例如：I’m going to have a picnic this
afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。
例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1. 问人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
2. 问干什么。What „ do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.
3. 问什么时候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going
to bed?
六、同义句：be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习： 填空。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.
3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。
_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?
Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.
4. 你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 改句子。
5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
6. I’ll go and join them.（改否定） I _______ go ______ join them.
7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）
________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?
10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)
_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow 全身心记忆法
根据测试，参与记忆单词的器官和身体部位越多，单词在大脑中的印象就越深刻，记忆的时间也就越长。边读边写边记，除读记所使用的发音器官和身体的其它部位外，大脑中枢还要指挥大臂带动小臂，小臂带动手掌，手掌带动手指，从而正确地书写单词。这种方法避免了\"小和尚念经\"，因为只要注意力不集中，书写马上就出错。书写既是大脑中枢的执行行为，又是大脑中枢的监察器。
联系记忆法
联系记忆法就是在记忆单词的过程中，不去孤立地记一个词或词组，而是把它与同义词、反义词、相关词、句、篇等联系起来记忆。
同义记忆与近义记忆
掌握一个词或词组的同义词和近义词或者其解
释是掌握该语言重要的一环。只有这样，才能初步做到用英语进行思维，而用英语思维是掌握英语的一个标志。
同类记忆与比较记忆
同类记忆的涵盖面很广，如词性同类、动物同类、植物同类、事情同类、物品同类等。如我们可以把边际从属连词放在一起记忆。比较记忆是把词形相近或意义相近的词放在一起对比记忆。这样记忆可以辨别词义，准确使用词汇。
联想记忆
\"联想是钓钩，在茫茫的艺海中，它能准确地钩住你所识记的事物。\"联想越丰富，越多彩，记忆的艺术也就越高超。记忆以联想为基础；联想又是记忆的一种方法。联想又分为类似联想、类别联想和词、句、篇联想。
无意识记忆法
无意识记忆并不是无注意力记忆，而是时间分散记忆。这种方法特别适合于工作忙碌的人。首先准备一个袖珍笔记本，将要记忆的单词写在笔记本上。只要有时间就拿出来读读。这些单词见多了对你就会产生感情，你一定能记住，因为每读记一遍，就在你的大脑中加深一层印象。这样记忆的单词可长久不忘，并能随时想起，是一种很好的长时记忆法。
构词记忆法
利用英语词汇的构词规律，内在结构记忆单词是一种理性地使自己词汇量膨胀起来的方法。英语单词是由词素构成的，词素分为自由词素和粘附词素。记忆单词主要是记自由词素，因为有些自由词素可以充当词根，词根加词缀构成许多派生词。构词法主要有三种：转化、合成和派生。
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